News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Sept. 8
Virginia Commonwealth University on Friday released its most detailed accounting yet of how the former chief of police in Richmond received a degree without meeting requirements — and the report suggests many more rules were broken than has been clear to date.
The university gave reporters copies of the report it turned over to its accreditor, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, about the incident. Previous accounts have focused on how Rodney Monroe, the former police chief, violated a requirement that students earn at least 30 credits at at the university to be eligible for a bachelor’s degree. Monroe earned only 6 credits at VCU and all the rest of the credits required for the degree (120) came from other institutions, many of them from the University of Phoenix Online.
While that may have been the most prominent rule violation, it was far from being the only one, the VCU report says. Of 28 requirements for Monroe’s degree, his academic record “appeared to justify only 15.” And in terms of overall documentation and process requirements for a bachelor’s degree, the university has now documented 37 exceptions that were made for Monroe. “These exceptions occurred at every major juncture in this student’s VCU experience: university admissions,” including admission to the university and his program, courses, and graduation requirements.
Further, the violations weren’t just a matter of exceptions to rules being granted through inappropriate procedures. The exceptions were apparently granted without Monroe even having to file paperwork. For instance, on the 30-credit requirement (which is common for bachelor’s programs and is in no way unique to VCU), Monroe never submitted a request for an exemption, nor was one granted by the committee that had the authority to do so. Since 2003, the only other case of a degree being granted without 30 credit hours having been completed was for a student who died.
The report notes that several high-ranking officials have since left their positions at VCU, criticizes the way some people responded to inquiries about the incident, and pledges that reforms will be put in place to prevent a similar problem in the future. A theme of the report is that no one individual is responsible for what happened. “[T]he nature, number and magnitude of the exceptions to approved practice could not have occurred unless this student had been afforded preferential treatment at the admissions, curriculum, and graduation stages of the student experience,” the report says. “Moreover, for this student to have been awarded the ... degree from VCU, it was necessary for more than one employee to overlook or disregard institutional policies and procedures that were known, or should have been known, but the responsible faculty and staff.”
Since the scandal broke — with anonymous tips to VCU board members and to SACS, its accreditor, in May — VCU has noted that its policies do not allow for the degree to be revoked unless the person who received the degree directly engaged in academic fraud. While the report notes that the university is considering a number of revisions to its rules, including those on revoking degrees, it restates that argument to explain why the degree stands.
Monroe has since become chief of police in Charlotte, N.C. His biography on the police force’s Web site says that he “earned a bachelor’s degree” from VCU.
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I’m surprised that Scott didn’t provide a link to the original report, since the nature of its review methodology is of widespread scholarly interest.
What is different about this is that internal institutional lapses of this kind usually do not become public, or, as in this case, partially public.
While quality issues continue to haunt another Virginia institution (see link below), it will be another 5 years or so before the accreditor has a chance to reassess VCU for its reaffirmation. According to SACS’ member list, VCU was last affirmed in 2004.
Glen S. McGhee, Dir., at Florida Higher Education Accountability Project, at 8:10 am EDT on September 8, 2008
Mr McGhee is right in noting that it would have been useful to have the full report, but the link he provided related to the problems that occurred recently at West Virginia University which is by no means a Virginia institution.
Del Williams, University of Akron, at 9:20 am EDT on September 8, 2008
“VCU has noted that its policies do not allow for the degree to be revoked unless the person who received the degree directly engaged in academic fraud.”
And thusly was Lieutenant Kijé awarded a VCU degree.
George Gollin, Professor of Physics at University of Illinois, at 9:20 am EDT on September 8, 2008
I have not gone though VCU’s policies in depth, but most universities that are faced with a degree that is not “earned” or was mistakenly granted, will simply conclude that the degree never was “earned” in the first place. This happens from time to time when people make honest mistakes.
The last time I looked at this issue on behalf of a client, no court has ever second-guessed a university’s decision to do this.
Whatever the case, the police chief is now more famous for his educational shenanigans than for his police work.
Larry, at 11:05 am EDT on September 8, 2008
Del is right, WVU is located in West Virginia, and not in the state of Virginia. Sorry about that. But there is even less info available on the School of Business at WVU (http://www.aacsb.edu), so it is not clear when it was last accredited or even when it will be reaccredited.
The issue of revoking degrees is purely an internal policy item for the institution; the awarding of unearned or partially earned degrees could violate accrediting guidelines pertaining to institutional effectiveness, and program control, but that is solely a matter for the institutions and the accreditors to squabble over.
It is unclear whether the VCU letter included a corrective action plan and timeline, which would be valuable to other institutions in similar situations.
These incidents remind us that there are significant scaling problems with the current, accreditor-defined uni-dimensional definition of a diploma mill.
Our present level of analysis is not fine-grained enough to see beneath the level of the institution, or even at the level of branch or center. Analysis at the level of the classroom would reveal far greater variances across institutions, as for example in AP and dual enrollment programs.
More transparent accreditation processes would help us to better gauge these kinds of quality assurance limitations with the present system.
Glen S. McGhee, Dir., at Florida Higher Education Accountability Project, at 12:15 pm EDT on September 8, 2008
The requirements for the degree VCU offers in Interdisciplinary Studies, which Chief Monroe was awarded, are remarkably flexible. Yet despite this flexibility 37 exceptions to policy were made. Perhaps there is too much flexibility. Here is VCU’s overview of the program.
“The Bachelor of Interdisciplinary Studies provides opportunities for students to combine disciplines in unique ways. Students can apply for a nontraditional, individualized, and interdisciplinary course of study by designing their own curriculum.
“The non-traditional program is for students who already have some college credits, and who wish to create an individualized curriculum not available in traditional majors. With advising, students in this undergraduate program are able to design a degree compatible with their academic, career and personal interests. Some students pursue the BIS degree to increase their chances for a advancement in their jobs; some realize that the degree will provide personal or job satisfaction; and others want to design a program that will help them change careers. Regardless of the need, each student must define a specific focus area that combines two or more areas of study.”
justaguy, parent & taxpayer, at 3:20 pm EDT on September 8, 2008
This should be required reading for anyone involved with higher ed and higher ed reform. Thank you very much, Scott, for providing us with the link at the top of the page.
Actions, institutional responses, and contextual elements make this an important case study.
I was impressed by the report’s emphasis on existing internal institutional grievance procedures, which VCU obviously wished had been used instead.
But there was also an honest interest in getting to the bottom of this, and the intent to apply appropriate corrective measures. These measures appear to have been well thought out, and the hope it that they will have the desired effect.
Glen S. McGhee, FHEAP, at 5:30 pm EDT on September 8, 2008
The SACS report downplays the political connections involved as well as some of the questionable tactics involved in the investigation, such as threatening the tenure status of a professor if she did not cooperate with the investigation. The outside company hired was not required to submit a written report, so independent documentation of what they observed of the investigative process is lacking. The local paper has covered the political angle of the story extensively (http://www.inrich.com/cva/ric/news/vcu_monroe_scandal.html).
The Virginia General Assembly is sufficiently concerned to undertake their own investigation of the University’s awarding of the degree and subsequent investigation of how this happened (http://www.inrich.com/cva/ric/sea...t-articles-RTD-2008-09-10-0169.html).
Also, VCU posted a laudatory news release (http://www.news.vcu.edu/news.aspx?v=detail&nid=2574) that suggested voluntary rather than disciplinary resignations on the part of the two deans noted in the report (Steingass & Holsworth), both of whom have vigorously denied their resignations were related to the improper degree or requested as disciplinary action by the University. The Provost’s high praise of these individuals does not suggest any punitive intent:
S. Jon Steingass, Ph.D., is leaving as dean of the University College to accept a position in another state. Steingass served as the founding dean of the University College, VCU’s innovative central home for university-wide programs and resources that enhance students’ undergraduate experience. Steingass, who came to VCU in 2001, also served as associate dean for undergraduate affairs for the College of Humanities and Sciences.
“Under Dr. Steingass’ leadership as dean of University College, VCU’s freshmen retention rate has risen more than 20 percent, to 86 percent,” Gottfredson said. “He has become a national leader in the first-year college experience and has assembled an extraordinary team that will ensure the ongoing success of this signature university initiative.”
Robert D. Holsworth, Ph.D., is stepping down as dean of the College of Humanities and Sciences. He will continue at VCU as professor of political science and special assistant to the provost.
Holsworth joined the VCU faculty in 1978 and has served as chair of the political science and public administration departments. He also was director of the Center for Public Policy and director of the L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs. Holsworth served as dean beginning in an interim capacity in July 2004.
“I have the greatest respect for what Dr. Holsworth has accomplished as dean of VCU’s largest academic unit,” said Stephen D. Gottfredson, provost and vice president for Academic Affairs. “I am delighted that he will continue to help advance VCU as a major, national university.”
WRE, at 1:55 pm EDT on September 10, 2008
Unfortunately an investigation by the Virginia legislature has become necessary as the administration and faculty involved in the awarding of the degree have not been cooperative with the Board of Visitors. According to faculty members who work with transfer students, VCU has a long record of approving questionable transfer credits and allowing far too many independent study classes, as was the case with Chief Monroe. Faculty members defend the practice behind the scenes but refuse to talk about it openly. Keep in mind that this is a state school that should be accountable to the taxpayers. Perhaps now it will be.
VCU Student, at 6:10 pm EDT on September 10, 2008
If the Police Chief was a stand up kind of guy he would insist upon the revoking of the degree he in no way earned.
The policy that disallows revoking the degree except in cases of student dishonesty is in place to protect students from university error due to misadvisement. It should not stand in such a case as this.
nuff said, at 6:20 am EDT on September 14, 2008
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What’s one more broken rule?
I feel sorry for the legitimate VCU degree holders that have had their degrees devalued in any way by this incident. If 37 exceptions were granted for this student, how many degrees have been granted to students with only 25, or even 15, exceptions? This is a legitimate question since it appears to be the failure of the system rather than the bad judgment of one or two individuals. I wish VCU well as they reform their procedures and attempt to restore their image.
justaguy, parent & taxpayer, at 7:55 am EDT on September 8, 2008