News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
May 29
For the third time in four years, Britain’s main faculty union has passed a resolution questioning the appropriateness of ties between scholars in the United Kingdom and those in Israel. While the measure adopted on a voice vote Wednesday does not formally call for a boycott of Israeli universities — as earlier measures have — it singles out for consideration the idea of isolating Israeli universities, and the measure was pushed by British academics who have previously called for a boycott.
The Israel resolution is based on criticism of the Israeli government’s treatment of Palestinians. The union also passed resolutions criticizing the governments of the United States (over Cuba policy), Sudan (over the genocide in Darfur), Myanmar (over political repression), and Zimbabwe (political repression as well), but none of those resolutions called for British academics to consider whether they should maintain ties to academics in those countries.
The University and College Union has returned to the subject of Israel and its treatment of Palestinians year after year. In British academe, criticism of Israel tends to be much harsher than it is at American universities, and many of those who are active in the professors’ union want to take a stand on the issue. But calls for boycotts (or this year’s call for professors to seemingly think about a boycott) have been controversial in Britain and elsewhere.
British university administrators have attacked the resolutions, as have many rank-and-file academics who say that they would prefer for the union to focus on bread and butter issues. And many American academic groups, whose members have a range of views on the Middle East, have denounced boycotts as antithetical to academic freedom. Still other critics have noted that many Israeli academics are in fact highly critical of their own government, so isolating them to support the Palestinians may be the equivalent of boycotting the Ivy League to take a stand against the Bush administration.
This year’s resolution cites the “continuation of illegal settlement, killing of civilians and the impossibility of civil life, including education” in Palestinian territories and the “apparent complicity of most of the Israeli academy,” then goes on to affirm that “criticism of Israel or Israeli policy are not, as such, anti-semitic” and that “pursuit and dissemination of knowledge are not uniquely immune from their moral and political consequences.” The resolution’s action is to call for all British professors “to consider the moral and political implications of educational links with Israeli institutions, and to discuss the occupation with individuals and institutions concerned, including Israeli colleagues with whom they are collaborating.”
The union has been stung by criticism over its stance on Israel. Following Wednesday’s vote, the headline on the press release was: “UCU delegates vote for international solidarity.” Sally Hunt, general secretary of the union, issued a statement in which she framed the resolution as pro-Palestinian, not anti-Israeli. “Because of the constant misreporting of the motions considered by UCU’s Congress, I feel I have to state that we have passed a motion to provide solidarity with the Palestinians, not to boycott Israel or any other country’s academic institutions,” Hunt said.
The Guardian reported that Universities UK, an organization of vice chancellors (or presidential equivalents) of British universities, issued a statement distancing itself from the faculty group. “We believe a boycott of this kind, advocating the severing of academic links with a particular nationality or country, is at odds with the fundamental principle of academic freedom,” the statement said. “Speculation about a potential boycott serves no useful purpose and damages the international reputation of UK higher education.”
The Anti-Defamation League issued a statement after the vote calling the union’s measure “a cynical and perverse violation of academic freedom and anti-discrimination principles.”
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It will take me a moment to get to the point, but this post is about academic freedom.
First, I don’t want to get off on either the right or the wisdom of the University and College Union to condemn Israeli treatment of Palestinians or American’s (U.S.) treatment of Cubans or the Manley Institute’s member’s treatment of Creationists, but I do want to emphasize that these are the problems that invariably rear their ugly heads when two or three (or maybe even more) individuals band together for some purpose (e.g., obtain higher wages, protect property, cleanse the world of blasphemers, stamp out ignorance) and then make collective decisions that are rarely based upon consensus (except with regard to the rules of the organization) or unanimity.
I’m guessing, for example, that not every member of the Union agreed with its collective recommendation to denounce the decisions and actions of various nations (collectives), and I’m assuming that those who rose and spoke against the resolution were neither professionally nor personally ostracized and were certainly not expelled from the organization. Ahh, the triumph of so-called academic freedom ... at least internal to the organization.
I’m also assuming that there are those amongst us who recognize that most of the Middle Eastern nations (hmmm, is that a geographic insult?) have built-in non-diversity mechanisms that would never pass muster if implemented at Berkeley or Michigan or even U.Va. Perhaps we should not be surprised when nations with remarkably different cultures and resources and existing in very close proximity to each other find reason to interact with each other in a hostile manner. A short course in world history should convince most of us that that’s who we are ... that’s the nature of collective action (call it government if you’d like to embellish it a bit). Even so, not every Israeli is an idiot ... nor is every Palestinian ... nor is every Arab ... nor every American who thinks JFK’s really stupid decisions in the early 60s led to almost a half-century of remarkably irrational prejudice directed toward the people of Cuba.
Here at The Manley Institute, for example, we recently passed a resolution calling on all academic institutions outside the Middle East to resist giving faculty appointments to anyone who has served in the Bush administration, citing their “complicity” in an intellectually indefensible, immoral war against the people of Iraq. [Note: Being experts vis-a-vis the distinction between collective and individual decision-making and action, we recognize that wars – especially those that entail killing individuals — are invariably against people(s), not governments. While government functionaries invent nifty euphemisms (the war against terrorism or the war in Iraq) for the purpose of disguising the fact that it’s just human nature to kill or capture those who think differently from us, at The Manley Institute we refer to “that” war as the war against the people of Iraq.]
Not everyone here at the Institute agreed with “our” resolution, but we have reasons to make decisions and act collectively and, other than conscience, there was no reason for anyone to leave the collective on the basis of hir opposition to the resolution. We are confident that, internally at least, principles of academic freedom have been preserved.
Of course we must concern ourselves with the notion of “external” academic freedom. In theory at least, if all universities outside the Middle East – and we are delighted with the thought of Donald Rumsfeld, the George W. Bush Professor of International Relations at the University of Tehran or Karl Rove, the Henry Kissinger Professor of Public Choice at The American University of Beirut – decided to honor our principles, say if Washington University-St. Louis decided to reject Dick Cheney’s application for the Phyllis Schlafly Professorship of Political Thought, then one might argue that the academic freedom of the Inner Circle has been denied.
In summary, (1) we believe that is the only manner in which the intellectually revered Universities UK or the morally admired Anti-Defamation League could possibly accuse us (The Manley Institute) of abridging the academic freedom of the Bush Inner circle; (2) we assume the readers of InsideHigherEd will recognize the weakness of the link between the tenets of academic freedom and an organization’s statements of principle, augmented perhaps with recommended action; and (3) we suggest it is high time that those who should know better cease and desist hiding their own prejudices behind the cloak of academic freedom.
I, for one, have always been impressed with Socrates’ statement, “I am not an Athenian or a Greek, but a citizen of the world.” It would be quite wonderful if we all thought that way. Then all of this “academic freedom” nonsense would be subsumed by an “International First Amendment.” Hmmm, could that possibly be a plank in the Libertarian platform for 2008?
Frizbane Manley, at 12:10 pm EDT on May 29, 2008
If wish to support Palestinians, why not strengthen ties with Palestinian and Israeli academics? I’m sure there are many Israeli academics, just as there are many individuals among the general population, who disagree with Israel’s policy towards, and treatment of, the Palestinian people. Cutting ties, I think, is definitely the wrong move.
Abram, at 2:40 pm EDT on May 29, 2008
What gives with this union? Why do they continually pick on Israeli universities when there is a whole list of countries whose bad behavior overshadows Israel’s attempts to protect its citizens from terrorists attacks? Why not boycott Iran’s universities because Iran funds terrorist organizations like Hezbullah and Hamas? One fact is hard to escape: the UK has a long and ignoble history of anti-Semitism that continues, even today, to rear its ugly head.
Armando, at 4:25 pm EDT on May 29, 2008
The best I can tell, this is the final text of the resolution:
“http://www.labournet.net/ukunion/0805/ucu1.html Congress notes the 1. continuation of illegal settlement, killing of civilians and the impossibility of civil life, including education 2. humanitarian catastrophe imposed on Gaza by Israel and the EU 3. legal attempts to prevent UCU debating boycott of Israeli academic institutions; and legal advice that such debates are lawful Congress affirms that 4. criticism of Israel or Israeli policy are not, as such, anti-semitic; 5. pursuit and dissemination of knowledge are not uniquely immune from their moral and political consequences; Congress resolves that 6. colleagues be asked to consider the moral and political implications of educational links with Israeli institutions, and to discuss the occupation with individuals and institutions concerned, including Israeli colleagues with whom they are collaborating; 7. UCU widely disseminate the personal testimonies of UCU and PFUUPE delegations to Palestine and the UK, respectively and statements from Israeli academics and British academics who have links with Israel; 8. the testimonies will be used to promote a wide discussion by colleagues of the appropriateness for and against continued educational links with Israeli academic institutions; 9. UCU facilitate and encourage twinning arrangements and other direct solidarity with Palestinian institutions; 10. Ariel College, an explicitly colonising institution in the West Bank, be investigated under the formal Greylisting Procedure.11. No decision on cutting educational links with Israeli academic institutions will be made without a ballot of all members.”
This is reasonable. It does NOT call for cutting ties.
I agree also with the remarks by previous poster Abram:
“If wish to support Palestinians, why not strengthen ties with Palestinian and Israeli academics? I’m sure there are many Israeli academics, just as there are many individuals among the general population, who disagree with Israel’s policy towards, and treatment of, the Palestinian people.”
It is good to see that many academics in the UK, as here, are trying to decide what form appropriate criticism of Israeli racism and imperialism against Palestinians should take.
I’d criticize the UCU resolution on a few grounds:
* It does not criticize the governments of the UK or USA, which provide immense support to Israel and bear a major share of responsiblity for Israeli racism and oppression;
* It fails to take a stand against terrorism, whether by the Israeli Army ("defense force"), Israeli settlers, or Palestinian guerrillas.
* It does not take a stand against nationalism and religion, the main ideologies dividing the workers of the region from one another.
* It fails to expose capitalism and exploitation as the root cause of this situation.
Grover Furr, at 5:10 pm EDT on May 29, 2008
Again, Grover Furr, an repentant Stalinist, an academic who still views the horrors of the gulags and purges as minor and exaggerated blemishes on the sterling record of the late Soviet paradise, deigns to speak up for human rights. Words are beyond me to describe how revolting anything linked to his name is.
Herodotus, Prof. Emeritus at CUNY, at 10:45 pm EDT on May 29, 2008
Grover Furr finds the UCU resolution “reasonable,” but faults it because “It fails to expose capitalism and exploitation as the root cause of [the Palestine] situation.”
Perhaps the UCU just wants to limber up first by clearing up the Israel-Palestine problem. Then they can bring their incisive analytical skills to capitalism as the root cause. Assuming, I guess, that their fearless resolutions—and by *God*, just let anybody try to interfere with their right to resolve whatever they damned well please!—might be the final push that topples the teetering system. And are they afraid that their jobs and salaries might tumble with the capitalist system (it being down there at the roots, and all)? No, not these hardened revolutionists.
But as for their failure to go into how capitalism is the root cause, maybe it’s because they haven’t a clue?
Rod Bell, Adjunct Professor at College of DuPage, at 5:10 am EDT on May 30, 2008
Having been on the front lines with first the AUT boycott proposals, the NATFHE proposals and now the UCU proposals over the last few years. I can tell you that a bunch of patently anti-Israel anti-Semites have been appealing to archetypal anti-Semitic tendencies in the academy that have existed for years in the name of social justice. Whether it was the Roses or Tom Hickey and his lot, one only has to listen to them for a few moments to know this has nothing to do with justice for the Palestinian, but a deep abiding hate for Israel and Jews. The UCU has been captured by a McCarthyesque extremist right that has come full circle to facism with its political litmus test for “normal academic activity” with Israeli scholars whom in Motion 25, the call “accomplices” to the Israeli government. Despite the UCU’s legal council’s opinion that such an action is illegal and despite the threat of legal action against the union, the viral strain of anti-Semitism is so dominant that it has once again disgraced the British Academy. Over 30 Nobel Laureate and 50 college and university president along with nearly 12,000 professors from around the world have said, if you boycott Israeli academics you are boycotting me on statement being circulated by Scholars for Peace in the Middle East at www.spme.net. The list is growing daily. It is the British who are isolating themselves with their arrogant and elitist nonsence and real academics as opposed to academic thugs know the difference.
Professor Truthsayer, at 8:40 pm EDT on May 31, 2008
The British academic teaching union exists in Britain, a state which has troops in Iraq and Afghanistan. Does this union, and Sally Hunt in particular, consider those military expeditions to be invasions or a form of imperialism?? If so, shouldn’t the UK academic teachers union be boycotting itself?? We don’t want any hypocrisy, do we?? We’re ready to apply rules and standards of conduct universally, aren’t we?? Isn’t the UK academic world just as complicit with UK govt policies as the Israeli academic world is alleged to be?? Or as the Bir Zeit university near Ramallah is complicit with the policy of Abu Mazen’s government in Ramallah, whereas the official communications media of that govt [the Palestinian Authority] regularly agitate in a way that dehumanizes Jews and calls for ethnically cleansing the “West Bank” of its Jewish population??
Actually, one of the problems with this resolution is that it reflects prejudices about what is happening in Israel and between Israel and Arabs that are fostered by the UK mass media, bbc, sky news, etc. I am struck that academics, supposedly dedicated to knowing what is really going on, are so gullible as to believe the slanders against Israel broadcast by what we used to call the “bourgeois press and media.” And if they get their info from “NGOs” and “revolutionary” organizations, then they are just as likely to be misled. In this vein, the British union ought to pay attention to the mass of information, much of it assembled by Prof Richard Landes of Boston U, that discredits the myth of Israeli troops allegedly killing young Muhammad al-Durah on 9-30-2000 in Gaza. A recent French court decision has acquitted French media critic —Philippe Karsenty— who charged France2 and its Jerusalem correspondent of perpetrating a hoax as to the alleged al-Durah killing. This alleged killing became an icon of anti-Israel hate agitation in France, Britain, and the Arab and Muslim worlds and elsewhere.
E A Green, researcher at Ariel Center, at 1:00 pm EDT on June 10, 2008
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UK boycott
The only proper response to any British academic boycott of Israeli universities would be for US academics to boycott all British universities. Let their support for Palestinian terrorism come at a price.
DBL, at 10:05 am EDT on May 29, 2008