News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
March 26, 2007
Composition instructors have long been in the forefront of the idea of using portfolios to assess student learning. There are many forms of portfolios, but the basic idea is to have students assemble a body of work over the course of a semester — and to have more emphasis on student progression over a semester than on any one paper.
“We’ve been the sites of portfolio culture,” said Kathleen Blake Yancey, a professor of English at Florida State University and past chair of the Conference on College Composition and Communication. At the conference’s annual meeting last week, it adopted a statement of “best practices” on e-portfolios, the next stage in the portfolio movement and one with some key changes for the field.
Yancey noted that there are real differences between print and e-portfolios that go beyond the fact that the former a in print and the latter online. For starters, she said that print portfolios have generally been “teacher driven” while the technology issues associated wtih e-portfolios make them more likely to be “institution driven.”
E-portfolios also enable students to submit work that reflects their multimedia ideas. Doug Hesse, a professor of English at the University of Denver, said he has students who want to embed videos in their papers — and he’d rather review the work online than read a description of a video.
The guidelines adopted by the conference — soon to be available on its Web site — revolve around a set of principles, and what those principles mean for faculty members, program directors, administrators, and technology staffs.
Many of the suggestions focus on having clear expectations and explanations for all parties: for students to know how the porfolios will be used, for faculty to know what institutional expectations are, and for technology divisions to know what will be required of them in creating and maintaining systems.
There are also some trickier issues raised in the best practices guidelines. Among the recommendations:
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If students can build their eportfolio over four years, rather than just in one class or semester, they will have the opportunity to document their growth over time and to make connections that might otherwise be lost. The reflective element is very powerful in this tool, especially if the student takes ownership of their eportfolio. To that end, it seems important that eportfolios are not made primarily to fulfull an institutional requirement; that is, the design of eportfolio requirements and options should encourage a wide range of approaches and purposes, promoting real reflection and learning. (This would hold true for faculty eportfolios as well.)
Kimberly Green, Educational Designer at Washington State University, at 1:55 pm EDT on April 9, 2007
I agree with Kimberly’s comment though I would emphasize that ideally the four-year portfolio is simply the beginning, a basis for the portfolio(s) students will construct throughout their careers. Any portfolio that is not student-driven will be just another institutional hoop, only superficially different from other forms of assessment.
Composition instructors may have been leading the way on this but there is a long and rich tradition of portfolio usage in the studio arts and there are some lessons to be learned from that quarter. Just like the wastebaskets full of discarded writing journals and the papers that never get retrieved at the end of the semester, many portfolios are left abandoned in the studio—often in their expensive cases. This is a message that is too strong to be ignored. The students are in effect saying that this work has no meaning for them, that they did it merely to fulfill institutional requirements. When students gather work that is meaningful to them, that represents them in some way, they hold on to that fiercely. To misplace a meaningful portfolio is a disaster.
In many ways authentic, student-driven portfolios are a measurement of the quality and effectiveness of an institution. We can gauge this effectiveness by the kinds of learning artifacts students consider relevant enough to retain.
Jayme Jacobson, Learning Design Consultant at Washington State University, at 5:06 pm EDT on April 17, 2007
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E-portfolios and the Future of Composition Assessment
Although many colleges and universities are still struggling under the pressures of traditional assessment initiatives, I am convinced that Kathy Yancey has foreseen and helped create what will become the next wave in assessment, at least in composition: electronic or e-portfolios. She uses them as student-driven and institution-driven tools, whereas traditional portfolios were usually teacher-driven. Pass this article along.
Kathleen McCoy, Associate Professor of English at Adirondack Community College, at 11:36 am EDT on March 27, 2007