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Upping the Ante in Graduate Stipends

The University of Chicago announced a push Wednesday to significantly improve the stipends and benefits that doctoral students receive in the humanities and social sciences — with one goal being to speed up their time to Ph.D. completion.

Chicago will spend an additional $50 million over the next six years so that new graduate students in humanities and the social sciences are assured of five-year packages that will typically include, as a base package, tuition, a $19,000 annual stipend for living expenses, health insurance, and two summers of research support at $3,000 a summer. In comparison, current packages run four or five years, do not include summer research funds or (in most cases) health insurance, and feature a range of stipends from $4,000 to $18,000, with some students not receiving anything.

Comparing the value of stipend packages from institution to institution is difficult because living expenses vary widely, and many institutions have wide variation among departments. But several experts outside Chicago — while asking not to be quoted because of the lack of good comparable data — said that they believed these packages would place Chicago among the more competitive institutions in the country in terms of stipends graduate students receive, and that Chicago has not consistently been in that group in recent years.

While the additional funds will go to the 250 new doctoral students who enroll each year at Chicago in the humanities and social sciences, the university is also spending $1.5 million to provide health insurance to current doctoral students.

In a statement, Robert J. Zimmer, Chicago’s president, said: “Our graduate programs have distinguished the university and influenced graduate training across higher education. It is our obligation to support these programs at the highest level, allowing us to continue to attract emerging scholars who will shape academic fields and set the intellectual agenda in the decades to come.”

A major goal of the effort is to speed up the time it takes graduate students to finish their doctorates. As is the case now at Chicago, students will need to get money from other sources after their packages expire, but the hope is that by providing significantly more complete packages as students start, time to degree can become shorter. According to Chicago, time to degree is currently speediest in economics and psychology, which average 5.5 and 5 years, respectively. For most other programs, the average is around 8 years. Nationally, the most recent data from the National Science Foundation found time to completion at 11.3 years in the humanities and 10 years in the social sciences — time spans viewed by most experts on graduate education (not to mention most graduate students) as far too long.

Of Chicago’s new effort, “we expect this will improve the experience of students while they are here, and also tighten the time to degree,” said Martha Roth, deputy provost for research and education.

Debra W. Stewart, president of the Council of Graduate Schools, said she saw the Chicago announcement as significant, but cautioned against assuming that more money alone would deal with the problem of Ph.D. programs that take too long.

“I’m delighted to see Chicago make this kind of commitment to the humanities and social sciences. Giving students this kind of support and some sense of the permanency of their support does remove factors that increase both time to degree and attrition rates,” she said.

But she added that when trying to get students to finish doctorates, “money is important, but it’s not all about money.”

“This will allow Chicago to look at other factors that influence the likelihood of students completing a program,” she said. Among them are “match of student to program,” mentoring of students, clarity on expectations for doctoral study and the job market. She warned that five years is “vastly off the mark in terms of humanities completion rates,” so if Chicago wants its initial grants to get students a long way toward the Ph.D., it will need to do more than just provide better stipends.

What she said was encouraging was that Chicago was making a major effort to change the equation for financing graduate education. Some combination of efforts — including stipend improvements — might well make a real difference, she said. “Five years would be very short for a humanities Ph.D.,” she said. “But that doesn’t mean it should be or always will be.”

Annie McClanahan, a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley and president of the Graduate Student Caucus of the Modern Language Association, said she was pleased to see these improvements for Chicago’s graduate students. But she noted that many graduate students with unions have been able to win stipend increases, health insurance and other benefits in contracts, and said that private universities — which have rejected unionization — should allow such unions if they want “to serve all grad students better.”

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

i’m not money, no i’m stipends

gio, at 6:05 am EDT on July 20, 2007

Fyi: *even* University of Chicago Divinity School doctoral students now receive a $20K stipend for five years.

matiotes, University of Chicago, at 12:50 pm EDT on July 23, 2008

This is wonderful news because goodness knows we need more adjuncts in the ranks of the faculty. So I say do whatever we need to do to matriculate more grad. students. It’s a win-win, as they say ...

Second Line, Great News!, at 10:25 am EST on February 8, 2007

Great News

Now if only other institutions would do the same! We need more copycats. But what the move reveals is that a top-flight institution is ~admitting~ that, heretofore, they’ve not prioritized the humanities and social sciences. How many other top schools will make the same admission? How many middling schools? Without comprehensive funding, doctoral candidates in the humanities and social sciences areas are an endangered species. Pluck, determination, and excessive adjunct work will only get one so far. — TL

Tim Lacy, at 10:41 am EST on February 8, 2007

They decided, didn’t they?

” .. Without comprehensive funding, doctoral candidates in the humanities and social sciences areas are an endangered species ..”

Isn’t that a choice that they made? As in, no one held a gun to their head and made them join up? Their decision — their issue? Did they consult anyone else about their decision?

C. Bigsby, at 11:55 am EST on February 8, 2007

Disregarding the smarmy comments of the inital post, I must say that is indeed wonderful news. I had to comletely self-fund my doctorate, no support of any kind from my program (EdD). I agree that this approach should speed up the process. If I could have devoted my attention to the coursework and dissertatoin exclusively, I estimate that I would have completed my degree in 3 years, rather the 6.5 it took, due to only being able to work on the program part-time.

Waren Phillips, at 12:05 pm EST on February 8, 2007

Three comments

I’ve got three comments here.

First, let’s be clear about how graduate students as TAs contribute to the casualization of the academic workforce. As a TA for several years, I’ve allowed courses numbering several hundred students to be taught by a single tenured professor. In a way, my labor as a TA acts as a labor saving device for the academy. The work of TAs and graduate students allows one professor to credibly educate 400 students. None of this takes away from the joy and pleasure I’ve received from teaching section, but even at Yale, whose stipends are equivalent to those of Chicago, a $19,000 a year teacher (even with health benefits) is a steal! Chicago’s decision to increase stipends will make the lives of graduate students more bearable, but it does nothing to address the decision by university administrations to rely on TA and adjunct labor — rather than ladder faculty — to meet their workforce needs.

Second point, this will not drastically improve time-to-degree. Some dissertations simply take longer to complete than others. Disciplines which require significant field work or language preparation like anthropology or some sorts of history are just going to take longer and no amount of extra funding is going to change that. Princeton should offer a case in point here. For several years, Princeton’s package provided full funding for 5 years without teaching obligations applying the logic that graduate students would be able to finish in that time. However, after several years of this program, it was apparent that the vast majority of students were taking 6, 7, or even 8 years to finish. Finally, a couple of years ago, Princeton modified its registration policies, allowing students to register through their 7th year.

This leads me to my last point. Increased funding for graduate students does make sense and does help people finish their degrees, but this funding model cannot be linked to a punitive registration policy. Yale University has over the last 20 years repeatedly attempted to impose a strict 6 year cap on registration. GESO, the union for teachers and researchers at Yale, and their faculty allies have pushed this plan back several times. Without registration, foreign students fall out of visa status and must leave, loans come due, you lose healthcare and library privileges. This is not a way to help people finish their dissertations. It’s a way to weed them out, but only after they’ve provided you with cheap TA labor.

Right now, Yale is trying to link an increase in stipends with a cap on registration, imposing a one-size-fits-all funding model on the entire university regardless of discipline. If you think about it, a six-year cap means that a student spends 2 years on course work, and a year on orals and learning to teach. This leaves 3 years to research and write a book. Out of that, you spend a half year on the job market, leaving you 2-1/2 years to research and write a book good enough to get you a job. How many faculty write a book in 2-1/2 years and how many get kicked out if they don’t meet those expectations?

Gotta get back to writing now ... you know, the clock is ticking...

Jay D, Graduate Student at Yale University, at 12:16 pm EST on February 8, 2007

I am consistently amazed by some of the comments people make in these postings. Such venom and vitriol is quite unnecessary. Who will be the next group of professors, teaching the students of the future, if no one is able to earn the necessary degree due to a lack of funding? My goodness, this oft-repeated refrain of “well, it’s their own fault, nobody forced them, jus what we need — more humanities PhDs” has gotten old beyond belief.

Warren Phillips, at 1:50 pm EST on February 8, 2007

JayD, many humanities graduate students at Chicago are not expected to TA before their 3rd or 4th year, and then only minimally. Though Yale and other institutions may consider graduate students as an annoying (you have to feed them) source of otherwise cheap labor, not everywhere does. Compare relevant situations, please.

A.T., at 2:50 pm EST on February 8, 2007

Hi, A.T.

Actually, they are quite comparable. It’s about the same deal with Yale PhD’s — we typically teach — depending on dept. — beginning in our third year. Some depts. have a teaching requirement and language courseloads are notably higher, but not notably higher paid. That said, I think my points all remain salient to the Chicago case.

It’s crude, but I calculated once the proportion of tuition and fees paid by the 72 students in four full sections over a year that went to paying for a Yale TAs salary and benefits. I came up with a figure of 6.7%. Not all of the 93.3% is profit — a good portion of it goes to physical plant maintenance, administration, etc., but nonetheless, the proportion the educators get is shockingly low.

Again, I think it’s great that Chicago is paying its TAs more, but I do think that it’s worth bearing in mind that making graduate school less financially onerous does not alter the state of the job market. This can really only be done by a concerted effort of university administrations to wean themselves off of cheap and often disposable adjunct and TA labor and invest real institutional resources into the creation of more secure jobs.

Regards, Jay

Jay D, Graduate Student at Yale University, at 4:11 pm EST on February 8, 2007

Stipends

Who said anything about TAs at Chicago? When I was a graduate student there (okay, it was a long time ago), it was a very rare graduate student who was employed as a teaching assistant. At Chicago, there are three times the number of graduate students as undergraduates. Perhaps in some departments graduate students may teach, but most aspiring teachers had to take jobs outside of the university to get experience teaching.

Lisa J. McIntyre, at 10:35 pm EST on February 8, 2007

Wow — this makes the 6500 ($13000) I got per annum for being a TA look like peanuts :-)

Puplet, at 10:35 pm EST on February 8, 2007

A real commitment?

Has anyone else noticed that all of this new funding is going to new incoming students rather than to those current students who are still struggling to complete their degrees while, no doubt, doing the requisite TAing, RAing, scholarly work, job-searching, and probably a few side-jobs as well just to make ends meet? This is a marketing and recruiting campaign by the university—not a serious commitment to helping their graduate students to finish in a timely manner. That would require a lot more than a four or five-year funding increase. How much money have they put towards fellowships or teaching assistantships beyond the fourth or fifth year? How much effort is going in to helping these students find jobs? To what extent are these students being encouraged to take jobs outside of the elite research-university track? Are the departments and faculty being asked to do their part by improving their course offerings, advising, mentoring, keeping up with deadlines, etc.? Are any of the incoming students receiving full disclosure of the placement statistics in their respective departments? Let’s see something other than a carrot being dangled in front of a few eager undergraduates before we pat UChicago on the back for their generosity.

John Edward Martin, at 4:25 am EST on February 9, 2007

excluded from benefits

I completely agree with Mr. Martin, here. I am a current doctoral student at the U of C DIVINITY SCHOOL — and, I will have you know, that apparently the “humanities” does not include Divinity students. Yes, that’s right, Divinity students, current and incoming, are explicitly excluded from receiving these benefits. The administration is kindly throwing us the bone of health insurance, starting next year; however, they explicitly stated that we would not be receiving any increase in our funding, yet they “hope” to extend benefits “in the future". Now, what good reason could possibly be behind why the Divinity School has been denied the opporunity to provide *living stipend packages* to their students, is beyond me. My current stipend package, a minor 10K in the grand scheme of ‘what one can reasonably be expected to live off of’, will expire next year. At the same time, I will lose full tuition remission, and will have to start feeding them money again — fair? Not in the slightest. So apparently, even IF Zimmer decides to be nice to the Div school, and beef up the packages for incoming PhDs, poor saps like myself who have been filling the University with our blood, sweat and tears for the past few years, will still get the shaft. Bitter? Yes. Reprehensible? You betcha.

bluefunk, Chicago Divinity, at 11:45 am EST on February 9, 2007

I need some funding!

I am currently a doc student at Old Dominion University, where I was offered a stipend and tuition waiver that turned out to be a job monitoring the undergraduate computer lab. I had a baby in December and as a GRA have no health insurance and no access to childcare. They have applied the faculty staff rules preventing me from bringing my infant son, and are unwilling to reassign my duties. I am not considered faculty or staff by any other measure, and only international students recieve health insurance at ODU. My job description was not provided until I arrived on campus, giving me no opportunity to evaluate the situation, and further, the rules were not presented until a few weeks into this semester. They have canceled my assistantship, and while I appeal on the basis of misapplication of policy, I am looking at borrowing to pay for the whole thing- except- my remaining loan eligibility under the NSLD aggregate is too low to cover even this summer — risking my place in the program on the basis of continuous enrollment rules.

I am 38. I have really postponed my family until I was at a point where I should have some control over my time and flexibility. Now I am being told graduate work and parenthood are incompatible — after years and even last semester of students with children in my classes, labs, and other places in the university.

I need to switch schools — but I need the funding to cover everything — including childcare. Someone — tell me this is not impossible! joyess1@gmail.com

Lissa, at 10:50 pm EDT on March 30, 2007

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