News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Nov. 27, 2006
Dartmouth College’s president and athletics director issued pre-Thanksgiving apologies for a series of incidents that have angered American Indian students and professors.
Following a meeting with Native American leaders, Dartmouth President James Wright sent a letter to the campus expressing concern about “racist and insensitive” behavior that Indian students have experienced. “I apologize on behalf of the college,” he wrote.
Wright acknowledged that much of the behavior that has angered American Indians — such as the distribution of clothing with Indian symbolism — is not illegal and could not be punished by the college. But he called for more people — himself included — to speak out against offensive comments.
“Freedom of expression is a core value of this institution,” he wrote. “The college is not going to start a selective dress code and we do not have a speech code. Free speech includes the right to say and to do foolish and mean-spirited things. We have seen several examples of this exercise this fall. But free speech is not a right exclusively maintained for the use of the mean and the foolish — it is not unless we allow it to be, and then the free part has been minimized.”
Wright’s letter was distributed just after an advertisement appeared in The Dartmouth, the student newspaper, noting some of the incidents that have upset Native American students this year. (A spokeswoman for the college said that the president’s letter was in the works prior to the ad’s appearance.)
Among the incidents cited in the ad:
The ad said it was inappropriate for people to make light of such incidents or of the use of Indian imagery. “As Native people, the right the decide what offends us belong to us and us alone. It is arrogant for non-Native people to presume that they somehow have this right,” the ad said. It added: “It is wrong for one race of people to appropriate the cultures and customs of another race of people. Objectification is about power.”
The treatment of Indian students and the use of Indian symbols is particularly sensitive at Dartmouth. The college was founded in 1769 with the stated goal of educating both Indian and white students, but the mission of educating Indians was largely ignored for two centuries. Starting in the 1970s, however, the college reclaimed that original mission, and Dartmouth has educated hundreds of Native American students — something few elite colleges have done — and the college has a well respected Native American studies program.
As the college was reaching out to Native American students, it also abandoned the use of the “Indians” as its team name. The Dartmouth Review, a conservative newspaper, has campaigned to restore the name and regularly distributes to students T-shirts with the Dartmouth Indian symbol on them.
In his letter, Wright reiterated the college’s view that the issue of the Indian symbol was long settled (in favor of not using it) at the college. The college’s prior use of the symbol, Wright said, reflected its “amnesia” about its obligations to Native Americans.
In the last year, the National Collegiate Athletic Association has pushed member colleges that still have Native American symbols or team names to abandon them. The University of North Dakota is among the institutions that have resisted the push — recently filing suit over the matter — and its Fighting Sioux hockey team is due to visit Dartmouth for a tournament in December.
Josie Harper, director of athletics, published a letter in The Dartmouth last week condemning North Dakota for keeping the name, and called that university’s position “offensive and wrong.” Harper said that when the university was invited — two years ago — its team name wasn’t considered and that “perhaps” it should have been. In his letter to the campus, Wright pledged to develop policies to deal with the issue of playing teams with Indian names. Reaction in North Dakota has not been surprising. A spokesman for the university told reporters that no other university has apologized for playing North Dakota, a traditional hockey powerhouse, and bloggers backing the Fighting Sioux name are calling Dartmouth politically correct.
The politically correct charge is one of the reactions in Hanover, too. Dartblog called Wright’s letter “a weak-kneed concession to a political interest group.”
Others, however, are strongly backing the president’s response. Bruce Duthu, a professor at Vermont Law School who also teaches Native American law at Dartmouth and who is a member of the Houma tribe, said that he was unsure why, but this semester has seen “hate-filled idiocy” of the sort that hasn’t taken place recently at the college. “We haven’t had overtly racist incidents, but for some reason we are.”
Duthu said Wright’s response was “wonderful,” but said it should have come earlier in the semester, after the first incident. “He’s saying that this kind of intolerance is just not acceptable.” Noting that Wright has strongly supported the recruiting of Native American students over the years, Duthu said he believed the letter was sincere and that Wright would continue to speak out as necessary.
Wright was also correct to call for individuals to take personal stands against intolerance, Duthu said, rather than trying to legislate a solution. “In an educational setting, you have free speech and sometimes that means you have to put up with idiots,” he said.
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President Wright and Josie Harper’s letters both convey what many of us at Dartmouth feel. There is no place for this sort of intolerance here or anywhere.
Vicki, at 9:45 am EST on November 27, 2006
It seems this year the news is full of them parties, inappropriate costumes at Halloween, etc. al. that all reflect racist attitudes of our students. One fraternity at Johns Hopkins has been suspended over simular issues. As these events were unfolding, and as we headed into American Indian/Alaskan Native Heritage month, I as a member of one Cherokee tribe, thought, what would the reaction be if these were Indian themes? Would the uproar be the same? Evidently not at Dartmouth.
The landmark court case in these issues is the Iota Xi v. George Mason case. While the case dealt with some racist issues when one looks deeper into the ruling it does protect first amendment rights on the public college and university campus. Two keys for Dartmouth; 1) It is a private institution 2) Even for public institutions the Iota Xi case only reenforced that those expressions protected by the first amendment. The Ugly Woman Contest addressed by the suit was a yearly occurence approved by the administration and only in that particular year did the administration crack down on the fraternity. For years, however, we have used the Iota Xi case as an excuse for inappropriate behavior and I do not believe that is necessarily right according to the decision.
This being said, I would like to know what Dartmouth has done about these incident? Are these Fraternities still on campus? What are they doing to better educate their students who seem to thing this is bowing to a political interest group or being politically correct? I hope Inside Higher Ed and others follow suit just as the press has on the Johns Hopkins case and the Penn case.
H David Shaw, at 10:45 am EST on November 27, 2006
Brrrr...It appears that some Ivy League students need to take a chill pill to warm up their cold-blooded hearts and attitudes towards minorities. Time to turn up the heat on the ol’ “Bonfires of Respect For All Peoples".
Perhaps Dartmouth and other excellent institutions of higher learning should add a required course titled “Class- How to Fake It Even When You Ain’t Feeling It” or better yet “When Animal Houses Attack". (That might be well suited to accompany the current and well-intentioned “Alcohol Is Not Always Your Friend” course)
My minority kid attends Dartmouth and has had any number of observations on bad behavior by all races, colors and creeds that attend the school.
But guess what??? It’s everywhere. It’s in our homes, workplaces, and religious institutions. Intolerance, ignorance and just plain youthful idiocy are not just a part of the total college experience. It’s part of the American experience.
To President Wright and all other leaders of privileged schools across this nation — Handle your business SWIFTLY and courageously. Dartmouth is a wonderful college and too great to have its reputation sullied by a few irresponsible and outrageously narrow-minded students.
gigi, When the Frost is On the Ivy, at 12:15 pm EST on November 27, 2006
Interesting that no mention was made of an apology to Holy Cross College or the Catholic Church. It is hard to imagine that this fraternity could use the “Gee, it seemed like a good idea at the time” excuse for their t-shirt sale. Just what are those lofty admissions standards at Dartmouth anyway?
Michael, at 12:31 pm EST on November 27, 2006
Two things: 1. When I was a student at Dartmouth, one of the fraternities sold the very same t-shirt that the article mentioned with an Indian receiving oral sex from the Homecoming team’s mascot. My freshman year, it was a bulldog (for Yale) performing the act. So this isn’t something new. 2. As an alumnae of Dartmouth, I’m not sure why the school hasn’t done more to educate their students in a holistic way about our rapidly changing multicultural society. When I was a student, there were many incidents similar to the ones described in the article — towards Black students, Jewish students, Latino students, and Native students. Dartmouth prides itself on educating future leaders, but they have no class or “experience” where students learn and discuss issues of racism and prejudice in a safe space. It’s left to the students to navigate the waters on their own, inevitably leading to these incidents which happen over and over again. And since the student body is constantly changing, the students don’t remember when it happened before. Swarthmore College, Haverford College, and Bryn Mawr College have an event for students of color prior to orientation at the start of students’ freshman year where they get together and discuss issues of racism, classism, sexism, and all the hateful -isms. Yet, white students are left out of this conversation, with no guidance. Perhaps something like this should be implemented at schools like Dartmouth that seem to constantly suffer from these incidents.
Kendra, at 2:31 pm EST on November 27, 2006
On Columbus Day we usually hold a ceremony of mourning and the group of students that disrupted that vigil or class need to be cited for their disrespect towards another human beings beliefs. Stereotyping has gone on far too long! As for the cowboys and indians, That was also poor taste and not a very respectful event. Historically many cowboys were freinds and allies with the native american people.What kind of college would have staff and board members sit back and allow this disgusting behavior? Maybe the School should consider a committee to pre scan events first before such things happen. I do not practice christianity, but I find the crusader giving the Indian a blow job very poor taste and the ones who are associated this idea should be held accountable and booted from the college! No more no less! They attend to learn not mock and demean others. “Students involved be thankful I am not your school president.”
Arthur Meddicine Eagle-Sonier, President at Zibiodey River Heart Metis, at 6:40 am EST on November 28, 2006
I have a question. Had these symbolisms and mocking of a minority culture been against African Americans, such as depicting stereotypes or slavery as a humorous event, would the response by the school administration have been so slow, and the consequences so minor? My guess is that it would not have been tolerated to the extent these incidents were. There absolutely should be policies against racism, and expressions of same. As a society we are finally learning the public use of the “N” word and other expressions of racism are wrong. Not until laws came into place during the civil rights era did American society as a whole begin to shift its perspective and realize the deviance of such behavior and the detriment to society caused by blatant (even subtle) racism and prejudice. Sadly we remain oblivious to these laws and hide behind the freedom of speech clause. We still have a long way to go. Why do we still tolerate such actions against our native friends? I agree with Mr. Eagle-Sonier above. Until real consequences are imposed, important lessons won’t be learned. Higher education has a responsibility to educate. What does the college president mean that if it isn’t illegal it can’t be punished? Even high schools have policies that spell out expected behavior, dress, and manner of speech. Companies and other organizations have policies around appropriate behavior, and laws DO EXIST protecting people from hostile environments. If an employee in a company makes racial slurs or inappropriate race-related remarks and offends a person of that race or culture, then you bet the offending employee is permanently escorted off the premises. Creating a hostile work environment is illegal, and a violation of the another person’s civil rights.
Guess what? The same standard applies for educational institutions receiving federal funds. I believe the school is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, Racial Incidents and Harassment Against Students at Educational Institutions Investigative Guidance states: “A violation of title VI may also be found if a recipient [of Federal Funds] has created or is responsible for a racially hostile environment- i.e., harassing conduct (e.g., physical, verbal, graphic, or written) that is sufficiently severe, pervasive or persistent so as to interfere with or limit the ability of an individual to participate in or benefit from the services, activities or privileges provided by a recipient. A recipient has subjected an individual to different treatment on the basis of race if it has effectively caused, encouraged, accepted, tolerated or failed to correct a racially hostile environment of which it has actual or constructive notice. Look it up:
http://www.maec.org/laws/raceh.html ORhttp://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/race394.html
This school is NOT preparing the offending students for the real world. Not only should the offending students be expelled, the president should step down. Maybe the school is afraid of losing the tuition of the offending students. But they have lost much more than that. If these offenders go out into the world and continue their ignorant ways because they have not had serious consequences at Dartmouth (not to mention how Dartmouth is perpetuating — how will people perceive these graduatw od Dartmouth has potentially lost the patronage of future students, and they have lost respect in the higher education realm.
It’s no wonder the Indians mourn the anniversaru of Christopher Colmbus’s arrival, especially if these ignorant students resemble his legacy.
T, Case Western Reserve University, at 1:50 am EST on November 29, 2006
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Free speech. In importance, all the issues presented in the article and the above comments pale in comparison with that of free speech. It is shocking, offensive, and deeply troubling to me that so many people seem to be willing to embrace censorship and restrict personal liberties in the name of tolerance and respect. The answer to free speech you do not like is more free speech: yours. In the case of Dartmouth, it’s leaders can use their ability to speak on behalf of the University to express positions on these issues wisely, eloquently, compellingly. They have the means and opportunity for free speech that far exceeds any individual or group on their campus. They should do so. But please no police state tactics. You cannot instill a respect for the rights of one group by ignoring the rights of others. The speech that needs protecting the most is often that which is unpopular, offensive or disturbing to the majority view. Minorities would do well to remember that and assert the right (of everyone!) to speak freely as highly as they do their desire not to be offended.
fuzzy, at 3:00 pm EST on November 30, 2007