Advertisement

News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education

New Approach to Aid

The University of Washington is putting a different twist on a growing movement to stop charging low-income students to enroll at leading public universities.

Unlike many institutions that have started such programs in recent years, Washington is covering only tuition and fees, not room and board (although other student aid may well be available for that). But the university is offering its “Husky Promise” to those from families with incomes of up to 65 percent of the state median income, which would currently be about 235 percent of the federal poverty level ($46,500 for a family of four).

That’s a much higher income level than the other public university programs. And because Washington already has a better record than most research universities at enrolling students from low-income backgrounds, the university is projecting that about 5,000 students a year will be in the program as it starts, or about 20 percent of all undergraduates. If the program encourages more eligible students to enroll — as officials at the university hope — Washington says it is possible that it could eventually have up to 30 percent of its undergraduates eligible, a proportion of low-income students that is almost unheard of at highly competitive universities.

“This program is sending a very important message,” said Richard D. Kahlenberg, senior fellow at the Century Foundation and author of America’s Untapped Resource: Low-Income Students in Higher Education. “This recognizes that the problems with access extend beyond the lowest income students to the working class.”

Ana Mari Cauce, executive vice provost at Washington, said that the institution wanted to cover students at the income levels it selected because focus groups indicated that many of them have false impressions about how much the university would cost them and about their ability to enroll. “We were hearing from an awful lot of people who thought tuition was $10,000 a year,” she said (about twice the reality).

“I was sitting down with these people, many of whom I know would qualify for every aid program on the planet, but they have no idea. They think ‘I want to go to college, but you guys are too expensive,’ ” Cauce said. A psychologist who studies adolescents, Cauce said that research shows that these attitudes and expectations take hold early and can be hard to adjust, so the university wanted to do something dramatic to shake up those expectations and reach “the eighth grader trying to decide” whether it’s worth it to study hard, she said.

Similar ideas have prompted a number of leading public universities to tell low-income students that they will not need to borrow to pay for college. The Carolina Covenant — at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill — kicked off the movement in 2003. That program started with an eligibility level of 150 percent of the federal poverty level, and was raised to 200 percent, the level used by a program at the University of Virginia. Some of the institutions that have started programs since have used lower levels. In July, Michigan State University started a program for students at or below the poverty level.

None of these programs have reached as high into the student body demographics as will the University of Washington (although some private institutions exceed that level). As a result of the higher cutoff level — and the fact that Washington is starting with a higher percentage of low-income students — a much larger share of undergraduates will be covered by the program. For example, 9 percent of Chapel Hill undergraduates meet that institution’s income level cutoff, compared to Washington’s 20 percent.

The flip side, however, is that Washington won’t be covering room and board through this program. Cauce noted that many of these students will receive other aid for room and board, and she stressed that covering tuition and fees was only the minimum commitment and should in no way be viewed as a ceiling.

The university’s demographics and location may also suggest that it has taken the right approach in covering more people, while not covering everything. “This is a university that has always had seriousness about serving low-income kids,” said Thomas G. Mortenson, a senior scholar for the Pell Institute for the Study of Opportunity in Higher Education. Add in the fact that the university in located in Seattle, making commuting a possibility for many students, and putting the emphasis on reaching more students with tuition aid makes sense, he said. “I’m not sure I would suggest this for Washington State University,” he said, given its more remote location.

Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation said that in a perfect world, he would love to combine “the generosity of the Carolina approach with the cutoff of the Washington approach.”

He said another plus to Washington’s including more income levels was that it would build the political base for student aid. “You have a much larger constituency,” he said.

Robert Shireman, founder of the Project on Student Debt, said that he wasn’t sure which approach (more people eligible or larger grants) would be the best over time. “A blanket offer like the University of Washington’s can help deliver the message to more students in a simple way,” he said. North Carolina’s approach has the benefit of covering more needs for those at the lowest end of the economic spectrum, Shireman said. He said that there was no doubt that students do need to hear the kind of message Washington is now going to deliver.

One of those pleased to see the Washington effort is Shirley A. Ort, associate provost and director of scholarships and financial aid at Chapel Hill, who led the efforts to create the Carolina Covenant and has encouraged other institutions to follow suit, including organizing a conference on such programs last month. Ort said that she thinks there is increasingly “a little peer pressure at work” in top universities trying to come up with new approaches to student aid. “I think there’s a lot more discussion about demographics and how they relate to institutional mission,” she said.

Indeed, in announcing the new program, Mark Emmert, Washington’s president, said that one of the messages he wanted to send was that while his university had high standards and aspirations, it would never seek to be “elitist,” adding “it’s not in our DNA.”

To the extent Washington is going about it in a different way than North Carolina did, Ort said that she wants to see different universities try different approaches, with the idea that they will learn from one another. This is a “let a thousand flowers bloom” kind of issue, she said.

Mortenson of the Pell Institute also said he was pleased to see new approaches tried. His only caution was that most universities don’t have the resources of a major flagship to provide the aid that is needed, and government officials aren’t engaged in the issue. “One of the very positive things is that these institutions are not waiting for the government to address affordability problems. I think they are almost shaming the government,” he said.

Added Mortenson: “I admire the commitment where I see it, but it really doesn’t get at all the unmet need out there.”

Scott Jaschik

Got something to say?


Want it on paper? Print this page.
Know someone who’d be interested? Forward this story.
Want to stay informed? Sign up for free daily news e-mail.

Advertisement

Comments

Let’s hope the University of Michigan is taking notes on this. If Michigan voters eliminate legally-sanctioned discrimination next month the U of M will almost certainly have to move in this direction.

About Time, at 8:10 am EDT on October 13, 2006

Public tax dollars

So, as a parent, I’m doing the math. If I quit my current job and take a lower-paying job so I can join the ranks of the “working class” for four years, my kid, too, can get a free education. Sweet! I’ll actually come out financially better in the long run.

What? It doesn’t work that way? I’m expected to pay for my kid’s education and someone else’s kid whose parents make a combined income of up to $46,500?

I’m confused...

Kevin, at 12:55 pm EDT on October 13, 2006

An investment in the future

Kevin, You and I as taxpayers have the opportunity to ensure that the promise of the nation—democracy, equality, freedom from want, etc—is available to all through higher education. Take this opportunity to pay forward your good fortune of not being poor in this country. Do it for the good of the nation, do it for the good of your own children’s futures.

Agnes, at 1:35 pm EDT on October 13, 2006

New Approach to Aid

I understand that this program may not seem fair to someone whose children are ineligible by virtue of his or her high income. However, from my position as a hard working low wage earner, this policy gives me hope and motivates me to keep working hard. Despite our hardships, my daughter will have a chance at a better life and an opportunity to contribute to her community. Perhaps, she will be in a position to help others. As a parent of a high school senior, who has earned a 4.2 GPA, despite our income of under $10,000 per year, I would be delighted to switch jobs for one that would pay a living wage, health insurance, a paid vacation, and sick leave. Living below poverty is an everyday struggle. One must make choices between paying for transportation, medicine, rent, and other essentials. Earning over $47,000 per year and paying for college (I imagine that one would qualify for work study or school loans) will undoubtedly entail planning and budgeting. However, I believe that I would not be in the position of saving for months to buy a pair of shoes and school clothes at the Goodwill. I bet we could buy furniture and other items at our favorite Goodwill or Thrift Town, instead of scavenging the streets. So, K, take heart and reflect on the life do enjoy and the choices you have everyday. You may want to consider renting out your child’s room to a low-income student with little money for room and board and use the extra income to defray your child’s college expenses. You may find that the experience will help your student boarder and your families gain a richer understanding of American life.

Helen Lara-Cea, clerk, at 3:55 pm EDT on October 13, 2006

Agnes — “Good fortune” has nothing to do with my, or anyone’s, success in life. Instead, good fortune in in direct correlation to determination, sacrifice, and personal choice and responsibility.

Prior to college, the highest annual salary I had received was $12,000 — in the United States Air Force. To help with tuition, my wife cleaned homes and worked other odd jobs and I worked throughout my undergraduate college experience. I gratefully accepted two scholarships (totaling $2000) from the American Veterans Association and I’ve since “paid forward” to that, and other, fine organizations. I took out student loans and paid them back.

My first job, after undergraduate school, provided a salary of $18,100. In the 20 years since, again through hard work, sacrifice, and determination, things have gotten better.

In our early years of marriage, my wife and I CHOSE not to have children because we couldn’t afford them. We CHOSE not to drive expensive vehicles, live in expensive homes, or take luxury vacations. We CHOSE to make financial decisions that would afford us the opportunity to do good for “our OWN children’s future.”

Convince me that other parents — especially those making $46,500 — have sacrificed in the same way. Convince me that parents are having just the number of kids that they can afford to properly raise and send to college and that, through no fault of their own, something bad happened along the way. Convince me that “democracy, equality, and freedom from want will be delivered through higher education.”

Kevin, at 4:30 pm EDT on October 13, 2006

It’s not about fairness...

...although that word is usually tossed out there in an attempt to discount personal responsibility. This is about what’s right. And what’s right is not holding me accountable for the poor personal choices of other parents.

Helen — You sound like a great parent. With a 4.2 GPA your child should be receiving academic scholarship offers — a direct result of her (and your) hard work and dedication.

Would you be surprised to learn that my family does share their home with students who are in need? But the decision to do so must be a personal choice. The government has no business in rewarding, with my tax dollars, others for their poor choices.

Kevin, at 5:05 pm EDT on October 13, 2006

To Kevin.

It sounds to me like you’re saying that poor children should pay for their parents poor choices.

Jenny, at 6:15 am EDT on October 14, 2006

It’s for the children...

Jenny — Is that all you got out of my posts? It sounds like you’re saying that I SHOULD pay for other parent’s poor choices, lack of responsibility, and determination.

And define “poor children.” Since when did a $46,500 annual income qualify a family to send their kids to college on MY dime? By that standard, even considering the value of a dollar 20 years ago, I was incredibly poor. And I didn’t take a dime of your money. I worked. I took out loans. I sacrificed.

What’s happened along the way?

Kevin, at 12:35 pm EDT on October 14, 2006

To err is human, to forgive is divine

Kevin,I understand your frustration. But, as Jenny put it, poor kids do not have to pay for the poor parents’ bad choices. Otherwise, the cycle will never end. I know you work and plan hard and this approach may seem unfair to you. But, life is full of surprise, your reward may come through other means in another avenue that your current income may not be able to afford.

I can speak for the poor kids because I was one of them. Neither of my parents finished high school. Let’s just say that my chance to be successful in this world is extremely slim.

However, through various scholarships, I have managed to move up in life. I have had a Bachelor and various Masters from some of the most reputable universities in this planet, and I mean some of the most reputable. I have worked in various places in the world and have a very good shot to make it up there.

However, after thinking of all the kindness I have received, I decided that I want to give back to the community. So, I am going back to school and getting my PhD to be an academic. I decided I want to help those poor kids, or otherwise, to have a better life. I do not care about the money or the prestige. I just want to pay it forward.

So, while it is true that a scholarship may seem unfair to many, I strongly believe that in the long run it will benefit the society. I still have faith in people and everyday I try to reaffirm that to others through my actions. To whom much is given, much is expected. There is still something great about human conscience.

Thank you very much.

TG, at 12:35 pm EDT on October 14, 2006

SWEET!

What joy I feel to read this! Yes I put myself through college including working 7/10’s on the Alaska Pipeline for 5 solid months. And yes when the Million Dollar Blessing Fairy flew over the workers in high tech at Microsoft and RealNetworks somehow she just kept flying past me. Admitted I did not have children because I feared living in poverty and was unwilling to accept the help of others.

But hey, WOW. I feel so proud to live in such a great city, a fantastic state, a place where we enable those from every economic background to make healthy creative choices in education because we support them!

This is the only War worth winning, the global war on ignorance, and the World Wide War on poverty, which equals peace and prosperity. Maybe some day all people will have equal opportunity for education and we will be able to consider survival just another human right.

May you live long and happy lives those who participated in making this real, no doubt many personal blessing will pass between you and those you helped in ways we can not even imagine! Thank you from the bottom of my heart.-Linda Lane

Linda Lane, CEO at Wonderlane LLC, at 6:50 am EDT on October 15, 2006

Finally

I am just glad that Washington is catching up to California. I was born and raised in California and because of there State University System. Any citizen with a drive to want to succeed can go to college. California has a great grant program and combine that with federal and school is paid for. Out here it is a sad and different story. I was discussing going to University of Washington and I was told good luck sarcastically. I work for the U and was still told be fellow Washington citizens it is almost impossible to get in. Then if by the chance you are accepted how on earth will you pay for it.

Makes me nervous, but I am going to apply anyway and see what happens. This article does give me a small ray of hope though.

Denisha, at 3:20 pm EDT on October 15, 2006

Not taxpayer funded

While the discussion of whether taxpayers should fund these scholarships is revealing of personal views, in fact the discussion is based on a false premise. The additional costs of the U of Washington plan will be paid from private donations raised by the Campaign for Washington — not by state taxes or by tuition from other students. State institutions raise a lot of private money these days, since state funding covers only a bit of the university budget(about 16% in the UW case, I think).

As for personal responsibility, any student who can qualify for the U of Washington has already shown a lot of it. I am not clear why the future of such a student should depend on having arranged to be born to a wealthy or responsible parent.

Jim, UW, at 7:20 pm EDT on October 16, 2006

I am thankful for the comments posted here. I grew up in an impoverished, unhealthy household which managed to run through 1 father and 2 stepfathers (fortunately I had my sisters). Not to make excuses, but I spent a lot of time away from home because of the circumstances in my home. I became pregnant at 14 years old and now, at 27, have a well-adjusted and happy 12 year old son. I had to wait and work very hard to go back to school. Even finishing high school was a challenge. I managed to cut back working enough to enroll in community college when I was 23 and transferred to the UW last fall. When I started back to school, going to the UW didn’t even seem like an option to me; I didn’t feel that a reputable college would want someone like me, from my background, attending. I actually cried when I got my letter of acceptance. It is still a constant struggle to make ends meet and I know that without the financial assistance and my subsidized apartment I would not be able to attend college. I am fortunate in that my son is no longer at an age where he requires childcare but I know a lot of other parents who don’t have the option of going to school and making a better life for their children because the costs would be too great. I think the additional assistance is definitely beyond what is expected and those receiving it I’m sure realize this and are grateful. I would just like to say thank you for helping low-income, underserved, etc students to feel welcome. I know that I am going to spend the rest of my life giving back and that I will teach my son to as well.

April, UW, at 11:05 pm EDT on October 16, 2006

Jim and April, you bring two facts into sharp relief. First, Jim, you made a hugely important point that a smaller and smaller share of the public higher ed. funding pie comes from state appropriations. I believe that U. Michigan and UVA are below 5%. So, for individuals like Kevin who believe that John and Jane Taxpayer underwrite every penny of every public university, they do not. Tuition from students averages about 33% of the cost of instruction, and it is growing, mostly to make up for the loss of state appropriations.

Second, April, your story, and thank you for sharing it, is a great example of how ‘investing’ in the higher education of a person is preferable to other more costly expenditures (social services, welfare, etc.). April, you will go on to a better, more stable income and professional future than if you had not gone to college. And with your guidance, so will your son. You are well worth the investment that the state and federal government made in you.

Study after study after study shows that investing in a healthy higher education infrastructure — whether through subsidizing tuition directly via state appropriations or making aid readily available — promotes upward class mobility. Don’t believe me? Take a look at the effects of the GI Bill of 1944 and Higher Education Act of 1965 sometime.

William, at 3:45 pm EDT on October 17, 2006

I was one of the early respondents. At the time, I was angry and sadden by the assumptions some writers made about poor folk. One, I am poor and take great pride in working hard, like most of my friends, neighbors, and work associates. In fact, some of the most difficult and backbreaking jobs I have had have paid the least. Two, I have made many mistakes in my life; nevertheless, I did not choose to be poor. Moreover, I had savings, two jobs and health insurance, passed my master’s orals with honors, and was preparing for my doctoral exams, when my daughter was born in 1988. Unfortunately, my daughter was born 12 weeks premature on the first day of the fall semester. Within hours of her birth, my savings were gone. One health insurer dropped our small company and the second company wrote that they would review and consider my daughter’s application in 12 years! After a three-month hospitalization, she came home on an apnea monitor. She had to be within 10 seconds of someone trained to revive her, when she stopped breathing/her heart stopped. Once her immune system could tolerate a small daycare, I had to find jobs, which were flexible, because my daughter had many short-term illnesses and many doctor’s appointments. Fast forward almost two decades of chronic health problems and you will see how it is possible to work hard, plan, make what you thought were solid choices, live frugally, and end up poor. We can all work toward a better future with universal health coverage and a free and public education, which will benefit all of us. Helen, Clerk

Helen Lara-Cea, at 6:20 pm EDT on October 26, 2006

Advertisement

 Jobs Related to New Approach to Aid

or search for jobs directly.

Professor
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

The University of Minnesota is a premier employer and a talent magnet attracting leading faculty and staff from around the ... see job

FT 9/11 Mo Faculty — 2025A
Saint Louis University

Saint Louis University is a Jesuit Catholic University. Through teaching, research, health care and community service, Saint ... see job

Research Instructor
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center-Downtown Denver

Posting Description: University of Colorado Denver Comparative Genomics Laboratory Research Instructor ... see job

Pianist
NC State University

Join the Pack! A community with nearly 8,000 faculty and staff, and 30,000 students. NC State is one of the largest employers ... see job

Post-Doctoral Associate
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

The University of Minnesota is a premier employer and a talent magnet attracting leading faculty and staff from around the ... see job

Assistant Professor of Journalism
Kentucky State University

The successful candidate will be required to teach twelve semester credit hours of Journalism or Mass Communications per ... see job

Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs
South Dakota State University

South Dakota State University invites nominations and applications for the position of Provost and Vice President for ... see job

AMAC Manager
University of Georgia

Job Summary A textbook manufacturing University department seeks a well rounded Production/Manifesting ... see job

Econometrics Faculty
American University in Cairo

About The American University in Cairo: Founded in 1919, AUC’s campus has moved to its new, state-of-the-art campus in New ... see job

Disabled Students Programs & Services Instructor
North Orange County Community College District

This position is responsible for performing a variety of responsible duties related to the creation, maintenance and ... see job