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Bolstering Tenure by Reforming It

Mend it — don’t end it.

A University of Colorado panel — created amid political demands to eliminate tenure — is taking an approach similar to the one President Clinton took when faced with demands to abolish affirmative action. Admit that the system is flawed, but defend its necessity.

“Tenure is fundamental to academic freedom and the free exchange of ideas, which in turn are essential to the intellectual health of the university,” says the introduction to a 431-page report presented to the university’s Board of Regents Thursday. The report makes frequent use of the “best practices” approach and declares without hesitation that having a strong tenure system is a best practice in higher education. At the same time, however, the report finds that many people involved in the tenure process don’t fully understand or execute their roles, mentoring during the tenure process is inadequate, and post-tenure review lacks both the carrots and sticks needed to make it effective.

When the regents discuss the report in the weeks ahead, there will be a large elephant in the room: Ward Churchill. The university is currently trying to fire the controversial ethnic studies professor at its Boulder campus, after finding that he engaged in repeated research misconduct (charges he denies). The tenure report is based on an intense study of faculty review and promotion throughout the university system and in no way focuses on Churchill. But the study was commissioned amid national debate over Churchill — and in the wake of repeated calls from Colorado politicians outraged by him to abolish or seriously curtail tenure.

Immediately after proclaiming support for tenure, the report notes the importance of having widespread support for the practice, well beyond the university. “The university’s tenure-related policies and procedures need to be clearly visible and understandable to the general public and to the university community,” the report writes.

Toward that end, the review of tenure policies included an in-depth look at 95 tenure cases during the 2003-4 and 2004-5 academic years. Only four cases showed significant deviation from the university system’s rules, and in two of those cases, the university or committees acted where there was no specific rule to follow. One of the other cases involved a department reporting a split tenure vote as a unanimous vote. And the other involved a candidate for tenure having someone outside the university appeal to an administrator for an extra year, and for an expedited review process.

Tenure policies can easily be a source of discord among professors, administrators and trustees. When a board picks a retired Air Force general to lead a review of policies, as was the case at Colorado, more tension can be expected — and there has been some low-level criticism. But faculty leaders have been involved in the entire process, and formally asked for the review of tenure policies. As a result, even with the lingering tensions over the Churchill case, the tenure report received generally positive reviews on Thursday.

R L Widmann, chair of the systemwide Faculty Council and an associate professor of English at Boulder, said that she saw the process at Colorado as consistent with shared governance and that most of the report’s recommendations made sense. She also said that the report succeeded in looking at tenure broadly, not just the Churchill case. “It seems to me that we’re looking at a large, complex institution,” she said. “To me, it doesn’t matter if one or two cases are out there floating. What we’re looking at is a whole entity and not just a couple of anomalies.”

The one recommendation Widmann objected to was a proposal that faculty members be required to sign a statement of responsibilities noting that they would comply with relevant laws and university regulations. Widmann said that a separate signing statement seemed too much like the sort of loyalty oath professors abhor as a violation of their academic freedom. Widmann said that faculty members were working on a proposal to combine any statement of responsibilities with more routine forms that new employees receive and submit, so that it would not have the feel of a loyalty oath.

The report repeatedly criticizes a lack of meaningful training for department chairs and other senior department members on how to be good mentors, and how to use pre-tenure reviews as substantive ways to encourage improvements.

The harsher criticisms concern getting rid of tenured professors who merit dismissal, and post-tenure review.

On the former issue, the report says that the university system should be more clear on what actions justify dismissal, and should recognize that having a high standard for removal — as is currently the case — could result in some tenured professors inappropriately remaining in classrooms, which “could result in students being adversely affected.”

In addition the report urges that systems be used so that a review for dismissal could take place over the course of six months. The Churchill case, in contrast, has involved multiple reviews and committees and is not yet winding down after more than a year of controversy.

Generally, the report praises tenure reviews for being consistent, but finds post-tenure reviews to be inconsistent, not sufficiently linked to annual reviews that relate to merit raises, and lacking in the kinds of incentives that might motivate a professor who has job security.

Widmann, the Faculty Council chair, said that she thought the critiques were justified and that she was particularly pleased that the report wasn’t just focused on punishments, but also encouragements. The obvious encouragement, she said, is a good raise. In states without a lot of new money for higher education, that’s not always possible, but that doesn’t make the issue go away, she said.

Scott Jaschik

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Comments

First impressions of report

I haven’t yet read the whole Univ. of Colorado tenure report. (The body of the report ends on page 161, with the rest being appendices. The appendices look well worth reading as well, but 161 pages is a little less daunting than 431 pages.)

However, I am pleased by my first impression.This is not some wishy-washy report, concluding that tenure has its good points and its bad points, etc. Rather, at least in its executive summary, it is a strong defense of tenure. Bravo!

math prof, at 11:05 am EDT on August 4, 2006

Second impression

A lot of the discussion about tenure refers to tenure as a guarantee of academic freedom. This is absolutely correct, and an important role for tenure.

But this is far from the only reason for tenure. Tenure is not only of value to individual faculty members, but it also provides a wide variety of benefits to their institutions. I am pleased to see that this report explicitly recognizes this. Here is an excerpt (page 28 of the report):

Another important reason for tenure is the need to provide an adequate cadre of excellent faculty for the institution. Tenure assures the presence of a core group of highly qualified individuals by guaranteeing each of them a prestigious position and a base salary. The rigorous process of earning the award of tenure results in university faculty with the best possible qualifications and abilities.

math prof, at 12:00 pm EDT on August 4, 2006

Tenure is obsolete

Unfortunately, tenure has done for higher education what unions have done for American manufacturing. It has limited growth and flexibility, while assuring that the obolete are as protected as the race horses. The midieval crafts guild model that it draws its intellectual roots from was highly touted by Karl Marx. The free speech rationization simply does not hold up and has caused decent, hard-working faculty to share a bunk with the unemployable. And relying of the University of Colorado as a trend setter is like calling on Hillary Clinton for marriage counseling.

GoFigure, at 2:45 pm EDT on August 4, 2006

Marx? Clinton?

The only argument presented by GoFigure comes in the form of poisoning the well? Why noy say it is the same as going to Rush Limbaugh for drug counseling or Tom DeLay for ethics lessons? Or would that not be partisan enough?

I want to see a real argument for a change. Sadly, not a single person posting on this site in over a year and a half has made the case for the abolition of tenure. The arguments have rested on innuendo and periodic connectiona to a narrow set of exceptional cases.

Andrew Purvis, at 9:30 pm EDT on August 4, 2006

Case against tenure

Actually, the case against tenure is a business case, which may be why you haven’t heard it before. The education industry has severely limited its opportunity for growth and relevance through tenure. You write research that no one reads (not even each others) in order to reach the holy grail of tenure. Then you coast. The research supports this statement. You do not even pass much of this research on to your students. Strip away tenure and it will allow the industry to change the faculty model in ways that will benefit both students and the industry. You probably can’t see this because of the fear that you can’t really cut it in a competitive market place. Your tenure actually breeds that fear. Billions are spent on research annually by business, most of it performed by brighter, more aggressive researchers who are not by university professors. You are no longer the first choice for good minds by most of those outside of your profession. So you smugly tell each other that you would not dirty your hands with corporate dollars. But then, no one invited you to that prom, did they?

If you find the reference to Hillary unnerving, choose your own. If your arguments only work when you speak to your kindred spirits, then continue to babble among yourselves.

GoFigure, at 5:55 am EDT on August 5, 2006

Case against tenure

” .. I want to see a real argument for a change .. “

Newsflash 1: tenure is economically unsustainable. Thanks to government overspending for social services and other matters, the U.S. is a debtor nation. Social Security, Medicare/Medicaid, and government worker pensions are massive, unfunded liabilities. One giant freakin’ financial mess. Even the Democrats concede that; it is why they are “pro-jobs.”

One tenured position commits the taxpayers to decades of payments; a multi-year contract only for those specific number of years.

Newsflash 2: tenure creates bureaucratic deadwood. Look at the popularity of term limits and how they help curtail political corruption.

Newsflash 3: you can be, for anything you want. We don’t have to pay for it — and we aren’t. Get used to it.

A.D., at 9:25 am EDT on August 5, 2006

Argument vs. Opinion

First, I have yet to determine who the “you” of GoFigure’s comment is. I do not have tenure, nor have I yet pursued it. Bad assumptions cost more than any policy ever will.

The research is there to demonstrate a capacity. I know that I will never have cause to compute the time dilation problem that determines how long, provided instantaneous accelereation and negative acceleration, I would have to travel at 0.9C tomove 50 years into the future, but it was on a high school physics test. Furthermore, not all of tenure is based on the publish-or-perish model, and a failure to recognize that a significant shift is already underway to grant tenure based upon classroom results demonstrates a reallack of research on the part of the critic of tenure.

So-called News Flash #1: The U.S. is a debtoor nation because of all kinds of overspending, no shortage of which was Republican-funded garbage like “Star Wars.” Get off the partisan high horse and start considering the issue for a change.

So-called News Flash #2: You can tell me that Strawberries are popular, so aronia juice will sell well. Term limits for politicians is not the same as tenure, and any attempt to equate the two in any meaningful fashion fails at its most basic level. See faulty analogy for more.

So-called News Flash #3: Try complete sentences. Give up on the “get used to it” tag line. It’s old and tired, much like the non-arguments so far presented for the abolition of tenuure.

Come back when you have an argument that actually has something to do with tenure instead of talking points devoid of substance.

Andrew Purvis, at 5:00 pm EDT on August 5, 2006

Perhaps a second time will help

” .. Come back when you have an argument that actually has something to do with tenure ..”

Again: there’s no money. Financial exigency grants funders the legal right to terminate tenure. De facto, that is what is starting to happen now, in some academic fields. Get used to it, Chuckles.

Second, there’s plenty of academic deadwood already, without creating any more.

Finally — given thousands of unemployed PhDs in soft-side academia — only fools would continue pouring money into a failed system.

The money train is going stop, Kid Genius. Good luck, finding a seventh-grade teaching job and living with Mom again.

A.D., at 11:35 pm EDT on August 5, 2006

Rights

What someone has a right to do (real or perceived) does not equate to being the best thing to do. Making ad hominem attacks, blind assaults on character, and gross generalizations all produces no argument. A claim that there is “financial exigency” behind this only serves to illustrate the commenter’s incredible lack of connection to the reality of higher education: take a look at how the doollars are really spent before blaming the economic woes on faculty.

It is time to let the ump call this one at the plate. Three failed attempts to find an argument in favor of the removal of tenure: struck out looking. Time to go home.

Andrew Purvis, at 6:00 am EDT on August 6, 2006

Human Nature

The main argument for abolishing tenure in favor of longterm contracts is human nature: If people are not held accountable for themselves, they are more apt than not to abuse others for personal profit. That is exactly what academic tenure has done: It alone has allowed ideologues to destroy education in favor of forcing a limited political perspective down students’ throats for decades.

Look at the gross fraud Ward Churchill has committed over the course of many years, and it has taken years and thousands of dollars to labor towards the point of finally excising that cancer from the classroom. Taxpayers should never be forced to disgorge what little money they earn through hard work to pay for college fraud. The fact that it is such an ordeal to get rid of open malfeasance — and that so many academics are defending (!!) Churchill’s fraud/demanding the right to do whatever they feel like doing on the taxpayers’ dime — proves that there is no choice but to approach essential reform of colleges and universities from the outside.

And if you think this won’t happen, think again. It’s already in the works.

JBM, at 8:50 am EDT on August 6, 2006

tenure

I have tenure at a small college that values good teaching first and treats research almost as an option. We have a small faculty that is about half tenured and has very little “dead wood.” The vast majority of tenured faculty are principled people of integrity who continue to do good work because they take pride in what they do.

First, pushing a corporate model on academe fails to recognize the problems inherent in that model. Corporations are scandal-ridden, short-sighted entities in which apparently unscrupulous people seek their exclusive self-interest rather than the public—or even shareholder—good.

Second, if JBM thinks that the taxpayer should not fund higher education, then shut down all of the state institutions. We at private colleges and universities will be happy to take in the thousands of students who will suddenly be looking to spend their tuition dollars elsewhere to get an education.

Tenure may not be perfect, but it is the best thing we have so far for ensuring the possibility of a liberating education for the greatest number of people. (BTW, an education cannot be liberating without the student’s having to hear a few opinions that are different.)

E. J. Mask, prof of religion, at 12:45 pm EDT on August 6, 2006

Living in a glass house?

” .. Corporations are scandal-ridden, short-sighted entities in which apparently unscrupulous people ..”

Why, yes .. my church, the Catholic Church, would never have priests who would abuse children and pay out hundreds of millions in damages.

Careful about preaching, sir. Y’know –- living in glass houses?

All this yammering about freedom of speech. Sir, you and your peers have freedom of speech. You can say whatever you like.

The question becomes: does the public have to subsidize your free speech for the rest of your natural life?

Answer: if you really believe in what you say, then say it. Because if you have to tax others to do so, to protect yourself, what is your speech really worth?

Where is your courage, really?

R.A., at 7:25 pm EDT on August 6, 2006

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