Advertisement

Advertisement

News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education

Prior Restraint on Speech?

The president of the State University of New York at Fredonia offered to promote a faculty member to full professor if he would agree, among other things, to subject any writing or public statements about the institution to prior review for approval.

The professor and a free-speech group backing him say that the offer demonstrates the university’s willingness to censor faculty views, especially if they are conservative. But Fredonia officials say that — while the proposal was a mistake — the professor brought it on himself.

The dispute centers on the promotion bid of Stephen Kershnar, an associate professor of philosophy, who was nominated for full professor by his department in January. Kershnar writes a regular column for a local paper in which he has, among other things, questioned the priority the university places on attracting more minority students and faculty members, and argued that there is a shortage of conservatives in higher education. Some of his columns have angered university officials to the point that they have sent campuswide e-mails disputing them.

Kershnar’s excellent reputation for teaching was not disputed by anyone when his promotion bid came up, and his publication record was declared to be adequate for promotion. But Dennis L. Hefner, Fredonia’s president, wrote to Kershnar in April that his service contributions were insufficient. And he specifically cited Kerhsnar’s “deliberate and repeated public misrepresentation” of Fredonia’s policies, in ways that have “impugned” the university’s reputation.

According to Kershnar, he then approached the president, who said that if he refrained from the kinds of statements that had upset the university, he could be promoted. So Kershnar proposed that a two-person panel review his statements for a year, and that if they didn’t find anything incorrect, the promotion would go forward. In response the president proposed a more formal system of prior review that would apply to all his writings about the university. One of the president’s proposals was that Kershnar not discuss the matter in public — and the professor not only didn’t sign the agreement, but went very public.

He approached the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, which has released all the documents back and forth between the president and the professor and is denouncing the university for — FIRE says — trying to squelch a professor. “Professors must be able to publicly and frankly express their opinions if the ‘market place of ideas’ is to survive,” said Greg Lukianoff, the president of FIRE. “SUNY Fredonia’s bungling attempt to suppress a professor’s criticism of university policies is both reprehensible and embarrassing.”

Fredonia’s president was out of town and unavailable for comment. But Christine Davis Mantai, a spokeswoman for the university, said that it was “absolutely” incorrect to say that the dispute suggested any attempt to limit dissent. She said that the president now realizes that his proposal for prior review was “a mistake,” and that he “regrets being drawn into that,” but that he was drawn in by Kershnar himself and was trying to reach out to him.

As for the future, Mantai said that Kershnar can apply again for promotion, and that he might well succeed next time.

Scott Jaschik

Got something to say?


Want it on paper? Print this page.
Know someone who’d be interested? Forward this story.
Want to stay informed? Sign up for free daily news e-mail.

Advertisement

Comments

President Hefner admitted his mistake, to his credit, but Professor Kershnar seems to see no contradiction in first offering to have his articles vetted by a censorship committee prior to publication and then when the offer is accepted with an add-on complains that the university attempted to stifle his speech. Faustian bargains of the sort that President Hefner and Professor Kershnar made behind closed doors have no place in the academy.

roger bowen, at 9:10 am EDT on July 26, 2006

this is embarassing

This is an embarassment for the academy. The guy’s publication record is wonderful for a school like Fredonia and he’s a good teacher. Promote him!

Fortunately, it’s not his liberal colleagues on the faculty that are blocking this; note that it’s a useless bunch of administrators concerned about the university’s “image” that are causing the problems.

tom, at 9:30 am EDT on July 26, 2006

If this professor has repeatedly criticized the university, why does he want to be promoted there anyway?

If he honestly cares about the university and is trying to use his voice to make it better, great. But perhaps he merely likes being inflammatory.

One could argue that the university is right to question whether his criticisms will continue, as that practice could very well interfere with his great teaching ability if he sparks a much larger controversy (see Churchill, et al).

If his motives are for the good of the university, maybe his energy would be better spent in efforts to recommend or oversee change rather than more teaching responsibility. But if he is after sensationalism, it would be in the university’s best interest to protect their mission of teaching from that kind of disruption.

Tolana, at 11:15 am EDT on July 26, 2006

Service requirement abuse

It strikes me that an important aspect of this case is what I would call “service component abuse".

University service is important and we should be grateful to those who do it well. But there is a a large amount of time wasted in universities on useless committee work to boost the claims of institutional value of faculty who do no research.

Making significant university service a requirement for promotion is a way of giving a great deal of power to university administrators who often pick and choose people for important jobs and reward them for serving while punishing those who don’t.

Service should be done by those who have something to contribute, usually those who have spent considerable amounts of time at an institution and have enough knowledge of it to be useful. Requiring service from everyone forces the creation of a vast faculty bureaucracy with little power to do anything but submit reports which are rarely read and more rarely implemented.

The other side of the service coin is the lack of reward for the vast amount of service that is done within departments on a daily basis that is impossible to quantify and is never rewarded. People who spend time at their office and routinely answer phone calls to the department, informally advise students, do the leg work of developing faculty consensus before meetings and provide thoughtful help in resolving department conflicts. Every department has them and they are the people who make academic life livable.

I am not arguing that such people should be rewarded for it. In a sense there is a lot to be said for the idea that virtue is its own reward. But the hypocritical practice of rewarding the political savy who make sure that everything they do pleases their bosses and ignores the work of those whose everyday practice keeps the institutions running, is one of the more unpleasant aspects of faculty life.

The professor in question in this article did plenty of service for the university. He used he his time to try to deal with problems in the university. While I don’t say you should promote him for criticizing the university, it is certainly no reason to deny him promotion.

Jonathan Cohen, at 11:15 am EDT on July 26, 2006

Weird Case

There’s just something strange about this entire case. It sounds like the administration is a bit oversensitive to criticism, but it’s also odd that Professor Kershnar would agree to—indeed, suggest—a plan in which his statements would be reviewed for accuracy. In any event, from what we know, it seems like a case that begs for a pretty open-and-shut judgment in the professor’s favor.

But there are a couple of loose ends here that merit at least some consideration. First, should it be actionable to make public statements that intentionally misrepresent university policy and, thus, “impugn” the university’s reputation? (I am NOT saying that Professor Kershnar did this, I am just raising the question.) Obviously, the line between differences of opinion and true misrepresentation would have to be guarded carefully, and all borderline calls would have to be made in favor of the faculty member, but doesn’t a campus have the right to protect its reputation against actual, for lack of a better word, slander?

I’m just thinking out loud here, but let’s try this one out: It’s obviously OK to oppose affirmative action. It’s obviously OK to oppose your campus’s affirmative action policy. It’s even OK to conclude that, in your judgment, the AA policy leads to sub-optimal outcomes (e.g., less qualified faculty members being hired). But is it OK to deliberately and publicly lie about or exaggerate the actions your campus has taken, claiming without proof, for example, that all (or some) professors hired under the university’s AA program are unqualified for their positions?

Can a university do nothing to protect its reputation against scurrilous claims made by malicious actors hiding behind the First Amendment? (Again, this is NOT meant to refer to Professor Kershnar, who apparently did nothing of this sort.)

The second point involves issues of “collegiality” as they apply to tenure and promotion cases. It sounds here as though the administration at Fredonia was trying to apply a collegiality standard through the back door, by using the “sevice” criterion for tenure (nobody, after all, was arguing that Professor Kershnar was blowing off his committee work).

Collegiality standards create murky gray areas and are subject to abuse (as all standards are), but anyone who has been in a department with a truly malignant colleague understands why they may be necessary. There are people who simply “don’t get along with others", while there are those whose obnoxiousness and ill-will are actually disruptive of legitimate departmental and university business. There needs to be a way to deal with people who fall into the latter category.

However, in this case there is no evidence that Professor Kershnar’s actions disrupted the business of his department or campus. Therefore, the attempt to legislate collegiality through use of the “service” requirement was apparently totally inappropriate.

But I think there are important questions here that go beyond Professor Kershnar’s case that should not be quickly dismissed.

Unapologetically Tenured, at 12:00 pm EDT on July 26, 2006

AAUP

I assume (hope?) that the first comment in this thread wasn’t made by the AAUP’s Roger Bowen. The “error” in this affair was Fredonia denying promotion to a professor solely (as both sides seem to agree) on the grounds of his criticism of administration policies, not the professor’s attempt to work out a compromise.

Tolana, meanwhile, asks, “If this professor has repeatedly criticized the university, why does he want to be promoted there anyway?” Apparently only professors who agree with their administration’s policies should consider promotion. The rest, I suppose, should remain assistant professors for life, with the commensurate salary.

KC Johnson, Professor at Brooklyn Coll., at 12:05 pm EDT on July 26, 2006

Great Record

It is not surprising that the author of articles such as “An Argument for Punitive Torture", “A Liberal Case for Slavery", and “The Right to Assassination,” (URL to CV above) found that his view of valuable university service differed from that of. . . others.

Jack, at 7:10 pm EDT on July 26, 2006

I don’t know about the others commenting here, but I’m a former student of Steve’s. Although we disagree on almost every issue possible, I still would say that he’s a really good guy, and he’s an incredible teacher. I don’t know many people that would say bad things about him, until you get to his publications and presentations. He definitely likes to cause trouble, but I believe it’s usually to make a point.

One particular example of this that’s cited in several articles is his commentary on the lack of conservatives in higher education, which is an interesting point (for the record, I’m an ultra-liberal democrat). Towards the beginning of March, he gave a talk with a title along the lines of, ‘Why it’s morally permissible to discriminate against women in the admissions process’ while an undergraduate Women’s Studies major was being proposed. Word on the grapevine has it that Steve was the only person blocking approval, because he was concerned about students receiving a biased education. After his talk, there was at least discussion, and possibly action taken, in the Women’s Studies department regarding changing their required classes so students wouldn’t be required to take a class with him since the Women Studies department felt he wouldn’t teach material that supported their viewpoints on issues.

Another one of Steve’s comments being discussed is his criticism of a Fredonia policy that would require students to inform on the misbehavior of other students. It should be noted that, in this case, the issue was already being discussed heavily in campus media. Just about the entire student body was up in arms against the policy, and the official response was along the condescending lines of ‘Oh, it’s nothing anyone will really have to worry about. It will only really be applied to serious cases’ without any additional information as to what constituted a serious case.

Metaphysically Challeneged, A Fredonian Perspective at SUNY Fredonia, at 4:40 am EDT on July 27, 2006

Some Observations

1. Having read the account here, the long history of this case on the FIRE website, and what’s available elsewhere on the web, it seems to me that on the basis of teaching and scholarship, Professor Kershnar ought to have been promoted to full professor long ago.

2. The claim that Professor Kershnar was denied promotion solely because he is critical of SUNY Fredonia’s administrative policies is at best sophomoric and at worst downright dishonest. One can be critical of a university administration’s policies, after all (especially as a member of the university community) without taking pot-shots at the university in the local newspaper. While Professor Kershnar may believe he can brow-beat the university administration into changing its policies by subjecting the university to a public shaming, does he not realize that such a shaming is just as likely—if not more liekly—to be used as fodder by legistlators who want to reduce or eliminate state government funding for the university system? Why can’t the service component of a professor’s professional responsibilities be evaluated on the basis of that professor’s willingness (or ability) to articulate and disseminate his/her positions regarding administrative policies in ways that do not harbor the potential to inflict real harm on the university itself?

3. Where, oh where, is the chorus of voices (we’ve heard them on so many other IHE forums) telling Professor Kershnar that if he wants his “politics subsidized by the taxpayers” he ought to be willing to “do it on his own dime"? I think I detect the foul odor of hypocrisy here.

Tim, at 3:05 pm EDT on July 27, 2006

Advertisement

 Jobs Related to Prior Restraint on Speech?

or search for jobs directly.

CYTOPATHOLOGIST — Clinician-Educator
University of Pennsylvania

The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Medicine seeks candidates ... see job

Systems Administrator II, Imaging
Lone Star College System

Located just north of Houston, Texas, our five campuses serve 1,400 square miles. Our student enrollment is nearly 50,000 in ... see job

Technical Assistant
Temple University

The Technical Assistant (Studio Technician of Art and Art Education Dept.) works on main campus and reports to the AAE ... see job

Research Technician I
Weill Medical College of Cornell University

Founded in 1898, and affiliated with what is now New York-Presbyterian Hospital since 1927, Weill Cornell Medical College ... see job

Instructional Designer, Northeastern University on-Line (112043)
Northeastern University

Northeastern University, founded in 1898 and located in Boston, is a private research university that is a leader in ... see job

Pathology Faculty
Ross University

Ross University School of Medicine, located on the beautiful island of Dominica in the West Indies, invites applications for ... see job

Assistant/Associate Professor
University of California, Los Angeles

The Hematology/Oncology Division of Mattel Children’s Hospital at UCLA and the Department of Pediatrics of the David Geffen ... see job

Assistant Professor
Medical University of South Carolina

In the historic, coastal city of Charleston, the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) offers a wide range of ... see job

Information Resource Coordinator I — Assistive Technology Coordinator
University of South Carolina

A leader in academe, the University of South Carolina holds the Carnegie Foundation’s highest research designation and is ... see job

Medical Assisting Instructor
Corinthian Colleges

Everest Institute, a respected member of the Corinthian Colleges’ network of schools, is dedicated to helping students ... see job