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Career Prep vs. Liberal Arts

When Martin Ford began as director of the career center at Brandeis University in 2004, he noticed a troubling statistic in a student survey: Only 3.5 percent of respondents gave his office a “satisfactory” rating.

“They thought we did a horrible job of assisting them in their careers,” Ford said. “We had low usage rates among students. They didn’t see it as an integral part of their education.”

The business world knew about Brandeis but wasn’t familiar with its students, Ford said. The alumni giving rate hovered around 20 percent, and many alumni reported that a primary factor in their decision not to donate was a lack of help from the career center.

Ford said for students to have a complete experience at Brandeis, they need to learn how to approach job interviews and network in a social setting. Many professors believe, however, that the university “isn’t here for careers” and, as a liberal arts-oriented institution, shouldn’t be concerned with non-pedagogical matters such as job placement, he said.

When he interviewed for his position, Ford said the Brandeis president noted the divide and asked, “Can we deal with that clash?” to which Ford responded, “Sure we can.”

Integrating “career” in a liberal arts institution was the topic of Ford’s presentation Friday at the inaugural National Career Conference in Baltimore. Villa Julie College, a 3,000-student institution with campuses in Maryland that offer both liberal arts and pre-professional programs, organized the conference. The 200 participants talked about creating “a career culture” at institutions of varying styles and curricular emphases. Sessions covered topics such as marketing services to students, preparing students for working in diverse workplaces, how to get students involved in career planning before they are seniors, and career services for adult learners.

“The great challenge is to integrate career practices into the curriculum,” said Kevin Manning, president of Villa Julie. “One of the measures after four years is whether a student has met the end goal of getting a job.”

While that message comes through clearly in Villa Julie’s mission, Ford said at Brandeis, he is forced to pay close attention to semantics. “My colleagues flinch when I talk about my students as products,” Ford told the seminar audience. “I’m hesitant to even bring up the word ‘career.’ I refer to it as ‘life after Brandeis.’ ”

Students on some liberal arts campuses have called for an increase in career-oriented programs. An editorial this month in Grinnell College’s student weekly, Scarlet & Black, called for the addition of practical courses. “Students came here knowing they wouldn’t receive vocational training, but Grinnell is far too skittish about exploring ‘practical’ subjects,” the editorial reads.

Jason Rathod, the newspaper’s opinion editor, said Grinnell often attracts students who upon graduating choose the Peace Corps over medical school or high-paying consulting jobs. While Rathod said he appreciates Grinnell’s liberal arts mission and doesn’t want to see students majoring in pharmacy or cruise ship management, he doesn’t see any problem with the college providing more vocational options.

“At the end of the year, as seniors start to decide about their careers, there’s some tension,” Rathod said. “There’s a consistent joke that Grinnellians go back and live with their parents because they don’t know what they’re going to do after graduation.”

Pablo Silva, a Grinnell history professor, said he was “saddened” to see the piece appear in print. “The recent editorial makes the distinction between vocational and theoretical courses,” Silva wrote in an e-mail. “The understanding seems to be that ‘liberal arts’ means theoretical and non-vocational, or even anti-vocational. And the implication is that liberal arts courses don’t prepare people to work.”

Silva said he backs the traditional liberal arts approach, “through which students acquire basic critical reasoning skills and learn certain habits of mind and attitudes towards knowledge and learning.”

Dickinson College was among the liberal arts institutions represented at the Villa Julie conference. Michael Fratantuono, chair of international business and management at Dickinson, in a phone interview said “we would get hammered hard by the faculty” if his department tried to include vocational-themed lectures — how to start a business, for example — into the curriculum. “What we do in the classroom as faculty at a liberal arts institution has an education-first, career-consideration far second thrust.”

Fratantuono said it’s the job of the career center — not the faculty — to inform students of their post-graduation options.

Patrick Mullane, who heads Dickinson’s career center, said at the conference that he had strong college support for his efforts — which he said is essential. For example, he said Dickinson created a new position to work with alumni (both to help them with their careers and to recruit their help for current students) and moved the career center from the edge of the campus to a central location.

Ford said Brandeis recently authorized the creation of a similar alumni position. The university is sponsing alumni panel discussions and now offers a “Networking 101 seminar.”

Before freshmen begin classes at Brandeis, they fill out a values and skills assessment. Manning, the Villa Julie president, said it’s natural for colleges to help students “discover what their fundamental purpose is” and how a career fits into the equation. Ford said he always asks students if they have a minor, because “sometimes that’s more indicative of what the students wants to do.”

Brandeis’ career center has increased its database of employers from 30 to 225 in the last two years and is asking for regular feedback from students, Ford said. Student use of the office is up 29 percent. The most recent student survey showed that 11 percent of students said the office is now doing a “satisfactory” job.

Elia Powers

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Comments

Then what do their gradautes do, after graduation?

Good job of reporting. Still wondering what happens after graduation — still a mystery.

Do graduates hold up signs — “Will Critique For Food?” Join the family business? Deign to go to law school, after saving the world? Join the Starbucks army?

Art D., at 6:55 am EDT on April 11, 2006

give it a rest, art

Just a bit of anecdotal evidence, but... I was away from academia for a few years between college (with a “useless” humanities major) and grad school (in a social science), working in corporate strategy at a major financial firm.

I think one gap is that liberal-arts students are so used to hearing those “you want fries with that?” comments about their job prospects that they don’t know how to sell their skills. The other liberal-arts people I ran into during my corporate stint tended to have gotten into the company the way I did: start as a temp in some menial capacity, then get hired permanently and promoted quickly based on skills (e.g., writing, ability to approach problems from multiple points of view, creative ideas during brainstorming meetings, etc.).

I remember a surprisingly candid elevator conversation with a senior vice president (who had majored in history many, many years earlier) who bemoaned the low quality of job applicants with focused, “practical” degrees such as accounting. He mentioned some specific things such as writing skills but the real missing element, he said, was a general intellectual flexibility that liberal-arts students more often have. Unfortunately, the company didn’t see many of the latter applying for jobs, so they kept hiring the former. He confirmed my impression that the liberal-arts people who came through tended to be like me, starting as temp drones and then getting noticed. That’s not so bad, though; there’s no better way to learn about an organization than by working your way up through it.

libarts, at 8:00 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Have you seen my career lately?

There are too many people in higher ed who pride themselves on never having solied their hands at an honest day’s work to ever entrust them with anyone else’s career aspirations. Learning how to start a career is like taking a sex ed course at a monastery. The scholar-practitioner model would solve the problem, but higher ed is a littler light on the practioner side. Adjuncts bring this to the table, but the union hacks fight any expansion of that role. If only the masses were as ignorant as they once were, that scholarly model would still hold water. But most companies would rather go to consulting firms for their research. Even the more scholarly forms of research are more often provided by think tanks outside of higher ed. R & D does much of its own research. I wonder how much longer the scholar model can rest on the backs of a handful of productive and brilliant researchers? The scholar-practitioner model brings that real world connection to the monastery. No wonder the monks are in flight.

sillyone, at 9:30 am EDT on April 11, 2006

A Missing Link in Career Advisement

While there may be several advantages to incorporating career-related information in study materials (not the least of which being how practical application makes the material more interesting and useful), the reality is that career services offices will remain the most obvious source of such guidance. However, because of a certain bias in academe, one very viable career option for liberal arts (as well as science and engineering) students is consistently overlooked in career advisement—and there appears to be a hint of that bias in the foregoing article.

Academics and career counselors alike typically are not aware of (and therefore do not discuss with undergraduate students) the merits of business career pursuit—graduate business study in particular. Instead, such students are advised to focus on job opportunities or graduate study in thier current liberal arts or technical majors and do not hear about the myriad business-related applications of their studies or about the associated business career options.

For example, skills in qualitative analysis and social interaction are significant and typical outcomes of liberal arts education. Interestingly, these skills are not only compatible with effective business conduct but are in high demand among employers in virtually every sector (Graduate Management Admission Council, Corporate Recruiters Survey, 2005).

Therefore, I recommend that those who provide career advisement to liberal arts students incorporate business careers and graduate busniess education into their repertoire of guidances for their students’ professional development. To do otherwise would be to overlook a viable and potentially lucrative set of career options for them.

R. Sibert, Ph.D., at 9:45 am EDT on April 11, 2006

A Sad State Of Affairs

It is a sad state of affairs when even our premier liberal arts institutions go the way of career prep. I am a firm believer in the Liberal Arts Experience. I feel that it makes for a more well rounded student rather than one that knows primarily one subject or field.

Liberal Arts education, however, is not for everyone. Thus the differentiation in a career prep institution vs a liberal arts insititution. The day once was where there were Universities, A & Ms, and Teaching Colleges. A student chose which path to go based on career goals. As the differentiations dropped the lines became cloudy over the years. Now, as all insitutions of higher education compete for students those lines are virtually non existent.

I do not think that we should go back to the days of old but we do need to better inform students and parents. I think that there needs to be clarity as to what a liberal arts degree and what a career prep degree are. Students most often think that a diploma is a diploma is a diploma. I think we do a good job of putting the information out there but assume the student or potential student knows the difference in a Liberal Arts degree and a career prep degree.

Finally, yes the student is our consumer to a certain extent and being student friendly and student conscious is a great thing, however, to allow students to degridate the quality of education is not acceptable. Too often I hear student complain about Gen Ed requirements and I have seen the number of those requirements drop and drop and drop as a result. The outcry from employers are that our students are not well rounded enough. Critical thinking,problem solving, carrying on an intelligent conversation outside of the work place, basically a well educated individual, are all qualities that employers desire.

So in fact in the interest of student friendliness we are not helping the student in the long run. In fact are doing them a disservice by not providing well rounded education.

DavidShaw, at 9:55 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Lets be practical

Of course, the “practical” degree and training gets you a free pass to India (or at least a free pass for the job for which you think you trained). Those of us with a deep traditional arts education can at least retrain ourselves. I regularly see student applicants in computer science, engineering, and math with 750 quantitative and 350 verbal GREs. They will barely be able to read the notice announcing that their “jobs” have been outsourced. There are also a few schools that blend liberal arts and professional education quite successfully. Babson College, for isntance, remains at the top rung of undergraduate business schools while requiring a large percentage of liberal arts coursework (40%?). Others do just as well.

mdg, at 9:55 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Maybe it is worth noting that at real schools, investment banks, and consulting firms recruit on campuses, and if a career development office wants to be successful they must convince these firms to take their campus seriously, and offer interviews to many students (not just the friends of the president.) At a minimum, this is a practical way of measuring the performance of one of these offices. Unfortunately sine most career advisors have never held “real” jobs (that is, outside of academe, with a real career track) they are petty much clueless.

Larry, at 10:25 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Anecdotal, indeed

” .. Just a bit of anecdotal evidence ..”

How does one work in a “major financial firm” without picking up a few number skills? $500MM gross? $10B gross? The latter’s major; the former’s mid-level, IMHO.

Also, after a time, selling financial products is just like selling anything (funeral caskets, rags, advertising). Not much “creativity” required — determination is a bigger factor, viz. Dennis Levine and Ivan Boesky.

Art D., at 10:25 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Liberal Arts in Illiberal Times

Career centers hopefully discuss the application of the liberal arts orientation and skills in the traditional job marketplace and in our current illiberal socio-political milieu. This means also showing kids how to keep their wits, passions, and values in tact while trying to get paid. This is not an easy balance, especially for students trained to think broadly, deeply.

Faculty, too often, were students who sought refuge from the marketplace by replacing it with the academic feudal system. In any case, whether a traditional job or feudal patronage, I hope the value of being fully human (rathter than an automaton) and passing the spirit of their liberal tradition lives on in whatever these students do and the manner in which they carry out their life decisions.

Papillon, at 10:45 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Another Means of Career Prep

Sure, career preparation is important for college grads (especially when fewer employers have the time or funding to provide needed practical skills). But where to get it? Latin 101 may be a great course, but it’s not too relevant to the world of business. Some job-prep tips could be incorporated into classes that relate more directly to post-college employment.But in the February issue of “University Business,” the president of North Carolina’s High Point University described a mandatory course, Life Skills, that helps students bridge the chasm between college life and the real world. The course teaches everything from time management to goal setting to “fiscal literacy” (how businesses make money, how to save & invest one’s own money, etc.). Instituting such courses at all IHEs would allow professors to concentrate on whatever subject matter they teach, yet insure that graduates have some real-world skills when they leave the ivy towers.

JHW, at 10:50 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Alley Cat Ethics

Artie, has there ever been a conversation regarding the real world vs. “the world of the mind” that did not end with a description of the evil and unethical business person? You are so right! Let me offer a few examples:

- Massive waste of government spending, often sending thousands of dollars to those who should not be receiving them; - Unethical and dishonest practices leading to consumer fraud; - Preying on the inexperienced and uneducated with little interest in the customer; - No real free market — industries that support themselves by controlling disreputable politicians to line their own pockets and to force out competitors - Fat union stewards who feed off the new workers to better the situation of the oldest and least productive workers; - Mislabeled products and services, exaggerated claims and arrogant customer service staff. - Chronic mismanagement, which invariably results in costs that are passed on to consumer;- Slick operators that talk their customers in to acquiring massive debts to by into schemes that have no guarantee of ever returning their investment.

Sound like anyone you know, Artie?

sillyone, at 11:00 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Another “two cultures” ?

The division between the liberal arts and professional education has always puzzled me.

As someone who did his undergraduate work at a liberal arts institution,I value what a liberal education can do to prepare students for their life and work. And, as someone who did his graduate work at a land grant university, I also see the importance of preparing students to be well-rounded, broad-thinking and competent professionals. I don’t think the two goals are antithetical, but I do recognize that making connections can be difficult for a number of reasons.

A while back, I wrote a post on my program’s blog about this issue that tentatively compared the division between the liberal and “vocational arts” to C. P. Snow’s division between the cultures of the humanities and sciences: http://www.cstw.org/WAC/?p=42#more-42. I’d be curious to hear what folks here think.

Christopher Manion, WAC Coordinator at Ohio State University, at 11:15 am EDT on April 11, 2006

Career Prep vs. Liberal Arts

Full disclosure: I am a liberal arts graduate. In fact, I hold advanced degrees in the arts. I also, for the last 10 years, have held a job outside of the academy. Was it easy, no. Would I have benefited from a more comprehensive education, yes.

Ironically, my liberal education, with all manner of literature, language studies, psychology, speech, writing, etc. was actually pretty conservative. That is, while I learned to critically evaluate a situation, I was not educated in some of the more fundamental aspects of business management: how to run a spreadsheet, project, budget, etc. I was not encouraged to explore the important world of IT technologies (do you know what an ERP system is?). I was, in fact, hampered by my “exposure” to critical thinking.

Was I able to overcome it? To a point. I am still playing catch-up in some areas. Would I change my ability to think and analyze, no. Would I have liked just one course, not in “life” skills like time management (please, don’t bother me with that) but in basic business exposure.

I am a much better candidate with a liberal arts underpinning that supports specific business skills.

How about you?

http://www.rwjacksons.com/GradeEaze.html

B Jackson, at 1:55 pm EDT on April 11, 2006

College marketing

“Sound like anyone you know, Artie?”

Yeah. A lot of the college marketing staff that I’ve had to deal with. Got a problem with that, Kid Einstein?

Art D., at 10:00 pm EDT on April 11, 2006

I have enjoyed reading todays thoughts re career prep and Liberal Arts. Very interesting, however as a very successful career consultant of long standing, the first question I would ask is this: What is the mind set of an individual who thinks they need a L. A. degree to begin with?

robert parkins, at 1:05 pm EDT on April 12, 2006

Let’s be creative

I’m amused by the “distinction” between career prep and liberal arts since it is merely a matter of degree (no pun intended). There are career institutions who provide more “liberal arts” course requirements than liberal arts colleges. They also provide the requisite knowledges and skills required in specific entry level positions. The problem frequently falls on those who set the number of “career oriented” course requirements in the curriculum...faculty? For example, how many accounting courses does one need to graduate as an accountant...10? 12? 20? The higher the number, the fewer “liberal arts” course available to a student. Do we need to give an undergraduate everything possible in a specific discipline, or do we provide them with the tools to learn and think... is there an expectation that there is a process called “life long learning"? Can’t we teach people to think and at the same time give them specific job skills? I think so! We can discuss it, but the leaders are already doing it.

Tom, at 4:10 pm EDT on April 12, 2006

Robert you ask: What is the mind set of an individual who thinks they need a L. A. degree to begin with?

I beg your indulgence as you raise the most important issue:

A career is truly what an individual needs to make a living; a truly educated populace is what humanity needs to keep on living.

True liberal education is not a mind set; nor can we isolate it as mere “critical thinking.”

Further, many schools claim to teach it, no one has cared to ask whether any have been successful or whether it’s possible to teach a “true education", anymore than we can promise that an ab roller will give your abdominals a six pack. A certain number of achieved credits do not guarantee that you have undergone meaningful change due to your schooling.

To ask what a “true education” (liberal arts) is, and to wonder why it is so important, is the first step toward the liberation from the “mind set” that has been packaged and sold to us.

If you ask what kind of individual is this that “thinks they need this liberal arts education", why not ask what kind of world it is that you want to live in (or your children to live in), that requires a certain “kind of education.”

What is the purpose and function of education besides filling a resume and getting a job? Is getting a job the reason for our existence?

What is our reason for being?

Yes, you can do the spreadsheets, software programming, cost/benefit analyses, case-briefs, legal and quantitative research and still raise these very “human” issues.

Here’s a simple thought, bumper sticker!

If you think education is expensive try fascism.

1. often Fascism 1. A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. 2. A political philosophy or movement based on or advocating such a system of government. 2. Oppressive, dictatorial control.

Papillon, at 9:55 pm EDT on April 12, 2006

The Hiatt Career Center has long been known for providing quality career counseling. The staff and services are consistently of very high quality.

It is unfortunate that the tensions between a liberal arts education and careerism are described as something just now being addressed at Brandeis. In fact, faculty have been very willing to allow career center staff to visit during humanities seminars to reach out to first year students.

When faculty and Career Center staff partner together, students are the winners. They gain a terrific liberal arts education AND the practical career skills to compete effectively in today’s competitive marketplace.

LouieB, at 2:20 pm EDT on April 14, 2006

This thread is kinda old, but for the record I’ll say my piece, as I don’t hear anyone speaking for the students who’ve been through, or are currently, in training. Firstly let me say, there is no practical side of college from what I have seen. The first two years of the majors, I and my friends have experienced, are largely theoretical across the board. I came to college a Electrical Engineering student with some transfer units and was appalled to find just what my community college prof’s had told me to expect. There was no circuit assembly, prototyping or design for the first two years! Stuff that I’d been doing already, designing and wiring small micro circuits, I would have to wade through two years of intense math and physics to touch again. I spoke to the Dean who nicely dismissed my, and my old professor’s, concerns that 4-year universities were running the risk producing EE majors that couldn’t proto-type. The assertion that many recent EE majors can’t design circuits, and don’t even know what a resistive voltage divider is, isn’t mine but my professor’s who happened to work at National Semiconductor and only taught alternating years. It was his job to interview potential engineering candidates with EE degrees, and apparently a lot of them were only hand’s on enough to work the phone. There are exceptions of course in picking up very narrow particular skills (CAD, java, Mathmatica, etc) that are taught in upper division courses after sufficient theory has been covered to introduce tools. But these are not always matched in the industry, but the point of college nearest I can tell is to teach you how to teach yourself and provide you with incredible resources for advancing your education. I worked in the Engineering School of UCSC for a year and a half providing tech support to professors and staff. I met some incredible people, learned more about practical IT than I can say, and met professors working on some inspiring stuff. Was any of this practical, sure the staff of the university is run as a business with high standards for service and security. Is it normal for students to take jobs on campus, relatively. The picture I’m trying to paint here is that although there are practical things being worked on it isn’t till late within the four years. Community Studies majors often start up non-profits, or Freedom of Information Act requests, film majors collaberate on projects, and so forth. All of the departments, except perhaps my newfound department Philosophy, have practical appliactions that are mirrored in the ‘Commercial world’. Hell, Philosophy even engenders good argument, logical assesment, information usage and writing skills—all essential items for mass media copy or just Internet copy. The problem is the administrators are butting into the departments too much and slashing entire departments, oh Journalism how we miss thee!, to maintain their own high salaries as the ‘product quality’—classes offered and how full they are— plummet. Further we have delusions that the University isn’t a theoretical place beginning to end, we engender new ideas where R&D $$$’s dare not go and provide the next generation of intellectual resources and arguments. I had a professor that co-authored the idea of Dark Matter and another who empirically demonstrated that Aristotle’s adjective-based psychology (that we have {X} personality traits all the time) is inconsistent with modern psychological experiments. There is nothing wrong with the Liberal Arts model, I don’t even see where it stops, even my friends in Economics and Business still talk about Weber and game theory and all sorts of other largely theoretical concerns and how those are derived into practice. Ahh there is an Accounting minor I remember now, that indeed sounds very practical and likely is, but there is still a bit of theory anyway—what is it to ‘balance the books’? heheh The issue with broadening the education of an engineering student is plain and simple, by the way. At UCSC they have ~27 classes to complete for the major and then a minimum of 9 gen. eds, which we all do. Each class is only 5 units, (27+9)5=180 and 180 is graduation,and only a couple of overlaps between the major and gen ed’s is possible. There is no time in many of the rigorous schedules (like Bio MCD) for liberal arts broadening, if thats what is meant by a career prep, then so be it. If Bachelors are to stay 4 year degrees this is necessary, honestly I think engineering opportunities ought to be more accessible to high school students—though I have a million suggestions before that.

On an above post about the changing face of IT and the cool sounding history major CEO:I read about a few years ago the early years of computer science and how it was a hobby that all sorts of researchers learned and went on to become our programming gurus and OSS gods. This old school crew never studied comp. sci because it was too young, they just picked it up. Now there are 4 or so ‘weeder’ classes for computer science that determine who will be able to do the major, and it seemed to trim out those without prior experience or extreme will—the math weeded me not this =).

Damn Wilcox IT contractor for last 2 years (GNU/Linux dork)UCSC BA, Philosophy (Logic)

Damn Wilcox, As a college grad of 1.5 months... at UC Santa Cruz, at 4:00 pm EDT on May 8, 2006

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