News, Views and Careers for All of Higher Education
Dec. 29, 2005
Coverage of literary scholarship in the mainstream news media leaves some academics asking, “Why are they saying such terrible things about us?”
In fact, that question was the subtitle of a paper presented Wednesday by David R. Shumway, a Carnegie Mellon University English professor, at the Modern Language Association’s annual convention in Washington.
“The lack of respect afforded the humanities in the press is something most of us will agree upon,” Shumway said, adding that literary scholars are, at best, ignored or used on occasion for an expert sound bite by reporters. In more malicious cases, Shumway said, journalists seize on opportunities, like the MLA convention itself, to lampoon what they see as the egg-headed elite and their esoteric, out of touch ramblings.
“How many times have we seen the headline ‘Jane Austen and the masturbating girl?’ ” asked Jeffrey J. Williams, an English professor at Carnegie Mellon, to a few groans from the audience. He was referring to the title of a past MLA paper that lit up headlines as if it were the centerpiece of the entire 1995 convention.
Shumway argued that “reporters who cover academics are in competition” with the humanities community for public influence, so it is in journalists’ interest to deny academics the privilege to preach specialized knowledge, and to “create a world where [the journalist’s] own knowledge is enough.”
For their part, the journalists on the panel told the professors that they cannot cling to the elite sensibility that comes with specialized knowledge, and then expect that knowledge to be constantly thrust upon a wide audience.
A paper by Richard Byrne, an editor at The Chronicle of Higher Education who was unable to attend the session, referred to the press coverage of the MLA convention as the “annual lashing with a wet noodle,” and said that journalists should pay significant attention to academics who do work that bears on the current interests of readers. “It isn’t,” however, his paper read, “the journalist’s job to build an audience for humanities.”
Scott McLemee, a columnist for Inside Higher Ed, noted that the professors who spoke had qualified their remarks, saying they were only talking about the publications they thought were doing a less than ideal job — often prominent newspapers and conservative publications. “If you want to leave The Nation and The New York Review of Books out of ‘journalism,’ that’s fine, but that is a strategic move,” he said.
McLemee said that the divide between humanities professors and journalists is partly a function of each discipline defining its own domain. In order to “professionalize” literary scholarship, he said, scholars require that journalists “cannot get what [scholars] do,” so they fill papers with esoteric terminology, and often spurn discourse with the uninitiated. McLemee cited what he called an “asymmetry of expertise between the scholar” and the audience. “Who is the consumer of literary studies knowledge?” he asked. “I never see that question answered.” He said that journalists, through reporting, are “testing whether a theory has any traction with consumers,” whereas scholars often craft their writing without a consumer in mind. “You need to persuade people not on the ‘inside’ that your work is of value,” McLemee said.
Jennifer Ruark, an editor at The Chronicle, agreed. She said that science journalism has been better than humanities journalism because “building bridges and fighting disease” is constantly of interest to the American public, and journalists are eager to feed that interest. But there has been a “failure of literary scholars to make a case for the discipline,” Ruark said.
Williams went so far as to say that humanities scholars embrace the idiosyncracies of academic culture that isolate professors from the mainstream — “being late to meetings,” for example — as qualities that “define us against journalists,” he said. He added that journalists are often intellectuals too, and that they digest information, survey trends, and, through choosing what to publish, can influence the direction of theory.
Williams noted that journalism is “ruled by the market,” one reason why journalists are audience conscious, while academics tend to operate more autonomously. Williams said that more professors should try to include journalists in the “intellectual union,” and that more journalists should find out “what scholars are doing” that intersects with culture, rather than turning to scholars only for more book reviews.
Williams’s emphatic final point was that professors need to take a hint from journalists in one department: editing. “There’s almost a total lack of editing,” Williams said of academic writing. “It’s nothing short of a scandal.… We teach writing,” he said.
McLemee agreed. “A lot of literary studies writing could appear in your local alt weekly, but it’s simply not tightly written enough.”
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Instead of asking obvious questions like why the interest in masterbating females — hello, Dave Chappelle — MLA members ought to ask themseleves the aforementioned questions used often by Peter Drucker.
Is your work merely self-indulgent? Or for some weird, select group of self-indulgent academics? Or (hopefully) for those outside a very small academic clique?
For more on Drucker and academic entrepreneurship —
http://leeds-faculty.colorado.edu/meyergd/entrep.htm
A.D., Peter Drucker devotee at Small college, at 9:18 am EST on December 29, 2005
The science community has worked hard to improve coverage of science in the news media. While we too still have complants (e.g. evolution and climate change), coverage of science in the U.S. is far better than science coverage in the U.K. press and hummanities reporting in the U.S.
This has been done by working closely with reporters at lead publications like the NYT. We also have a popular nonprofit weekly magazine called Science News (google it). It helps set the agenda for scince coverage. Is there anything comparable in the humanities?
Mike, science in the news, at 12:03 pm EST on December 29, 2005
the question that the humanities faculty need to address is whether they want to exchange ideas with fellow academics or lay claims to the public pulpit. In the former case, the question of public coverage becomes less relevant.
Science fought the battle in the 17th century when it bested the Church as a way of interpreting the world. The success was noted by the social philosophers during the Enlightenment when they adopted the idea of “progress” and the scientific method as a way of studying the social sphere. That position is open to challenge, today
Much of the humanities has tried to find a spot on the platform with its left of center cultural studies. But both Marxism and Democratic Capitalism have failed the challenge.
Where this leaves the MLA in particular and the University in general is problematic in a world more than ever driven by the scientific paradigm which still commands the bully pulpit.
Perhaps, for the humanities, the phrase publish or perish might be rewritten as publish and perish?
thoughts?
tom abeles, editor at On the Horizon, at 2:14 pm EST on December 29, 2005
The debate about the relevance of Theory in the general public sphere (and thus of possible interest to the media that Jefferson defined) is tired and well worn. The media coverage of the MLA mocking “absurd” paper titles happened in the 1990s. The New York Times ran a few articles over three years. But for the past few years, the media has lost interest in the MLA: that is, in what is happening in the humanities.
There are academics who are writers and journalists (examples: Skip Gates, the late Edward Said, Francis Fukuyama) and have written widely for the public sphere, even about “academic” issues that might be of interest to a wide audience. There are writers and journalists with intellectual credentials who write about policy, and about intersections between culture and politics, in print and online media (too many examples come to mind).
The problem here is that many literary academics would like their work to be relevant and respected by a wide public, and they’re frustrated that their profession and practices are being ignored by the media, that is, by the general public. The point is that the vast majority of these professors are unable to frame issues and express them in a jargon-free language accessible to a literate public.
The sad fact is that academics are more concerned about what the media says (or doesn’t say) about them, and not the other way around. In the final analysis, journalists don’t really care what academics say or think about them.
Biodun, Writer, at 2:14 pm EST on December 29, 2005
Why do journalists say such mean things about humanities professors? Maybe some professors beg to be made fun of. Scholarly writing—about literature, anyway—is so bad, so incomprehensible, and so just plain silly that a journalist who can’t mock the writing and its perpetrators belongs in the obituary department of a small-town paper. Imagine how much fun H. L. Mencken or Dorothy Parker (both of whom knew a bit about literature) would have with today’s critical journals and scholarly conferences.
The main problems with scholarly writing these days are that too many people are doing it and too many of them do it for the wrong reasons. People who write poorly and have little or nothing to say must nonetheless churn out mountains of copy. They must write to get the doctorate, to get the job, to get tenure, to get the promotion, to win at the game of academic oneupsmanship. Academic writers just might be the most venal scribblers of all.
Journalists have keen noses for pompous, self-serving, vapid bullshit. That’s why some of them mock humanities professors. And they should. Stop writing and saying nonsense, and y’all might see a change in the perception of people in the humanities.
Baktu Basix, English instructor, at 7:18 pm EST on December 29, 2005
Whoah! “masterbating", “themseleves", “complants", “hummanities", “scince"??? All on one page! Does InsideHigherEd not do spell checks? or does it wish to let its respondents humiliate themselves?
Max Wickert, University at Buffalo, at 5:30 pm EST on December 31, 2005
Perhaps Alisoun has resisted influence by the humanities community, but “It is fantasy to believe that the ‘humanities community’ has public influence or hope of gaining any” seems a bit of fantasy itself. The machinery of ridicule so often deployed by the right against the humanities is reacting pretty strongly against _something_, after all.
I have seen the teaching of critical thinking ridiculed here at IHE, for example, and think it’s pretty clear that right-wing political viewpoints in particular have benefitted a great deal from UNcritical thinking. Any untestable and unverifiable belief system is threatened by systematic consideration of the dependency of notions of truth upon historical period, geographic position, economic class, etc. Certainly one can view time, position, class, etc. as variables and teach critical thinking as part of multivariate calculus, but most Americans will never attempt to understand multivariate calculus, so they’ll learn critical thinking in the humanities if they learn it at all.
Once demonstrated a few times, the statement “All binaries tend to collapse” becomes quite powerful, as well. Even if one feels that “all” makes it an overgeneralization, once one starts using it on human problems, one finds it infinitely applicable, and childish aspects of political thinking and discourse reveal themselves constantly.
I would agree that one shouldn’t expect much public influence to descend from a discussion of country/western vs. blues harmonica- playing styles illustrated by Slothrop in _Gravity’s Rainbow_, for example, but properly used, methods of critical thinking—the intellectual tools of the humanities—can have quite significant public influence.
Among the scandals of public education in the US is that it is so poor that utterly uncritical thinking (or lack of thinking at all) can dominate political discourse without its perpetrators ever being shamed. The “trickle-down” hypothesis has failed repeatedly for a quarter of a century now, but Congress is coming back to pass more tax cuts based upon it. Kudos to Paul Krugman for pointing out that doing the same thing repeatedly and expecting different results is one definition of insanity (he refers to “tax cut zombies"), but why is this even an issue today, when it was disproven in the Kennedy administration even before it was called “trickle-down"?
Alisoun might point to the political insistence upon never jettisonning behaviors that damage the largest part of the populace as long as they benefit the part that pays the most to influence politics as evidence of the lack of public influence of the humanities, but I think nouns along the lines of “horror” and “alarm” would accompany such an assertion much better than “narcissism” does.
Thane Doss, Yomiuri Culture Centers, at 10:00 am EST on January 2, 2006
“I have seen the teaching of critical thinking ridiculed here at IHE”
The obvious question here is why no evidence of such ridicule was furnished. Hmmmmmmm.
As for the public being influenced by humanities teachers, beyond now dead and passe intellectuals as Derrida and Said, again, no evidence is offered to support such a claim. Hmmmmmm.
Again, the very inability to substantiate sweeping claims immediately calls those claims into sharp question: This is a serious problem that I have noticed not only in students, but in many faculty members as well. It is in no way a good sign for the profession that we have fallen so far away from reasoned debate based on evidence.
Bad English, at 11:54 am EST on January 2, 2006
“Among the scandals of public education .. utterly uncritical thinking ..”
Why, yes .. party primaries (e.g., GWB v. McCain) and elections (e.g., GWB v. Mr. Teresa Heinz) are nothing but sweet interludes of agreement and kind words.
.. aided, of course, by the 99% Dems-Socialists-Commies in soft-side academia, who objectively encourage free, open debate on U.S. life.
We know what is going on. We’ve seen your kind before — cult of victimhood and complaint. Unfortunately, we’ll probably always have your kind, wandering about, begging for a government hand-out/grant. Life will go on.
Art D., at 10:17 am EST on January 3, 2006
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Moving Targets
This article raises some good issues, but I think that rather than waiting for journalists to “get it,” literary scholars need to assert themselves in journalistic forums. The journalists’ craft is rarely a product of contemplation; it’s unrealistic to expect that the average journalist covering the MLA would peruse the catalogue for fodder and then try to thoughtfully consider what s/he is observing by a 5 PM deadline.
If we truly believe that what we do is important and needs to be competently and accurately communicated to a general audience, then we should be taking the initiative in this process.
The Untenured Observer, Assistant Professor at George Mason University, at 8:07 am EST on December 29, 2005